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202 Structure and the Book ofZechariah
structure will result—although not necessarily with a repeated word
in the middle.
JTIT, j'D\ 03', nro occur in v. 17 only.
«p* is found in 13.9 only.
rutf, 11.4; 13.7 does not occur in comparable forms.
bi>.. .3~in, 11.17; 13.7. This is the expression that most of all draws
attention to the similarity between the two sections, and the form 'in
confirms it. The verses do not follow each other smoothly, however,
and NEB's characteristic rearrangement of the text seems overconfident.
It acknowledges that 13.7 is the beginning of a new oracle.
We should also consider ''TIK, 11.15, and V^Kii, v. 17, which are
both used to describe the shepherd of this section. It is puzzling that
two different words with such similar forms and meaning should have
been employed. 1 Neither word occurs again in Zechariah.
Words occurring in 12.1-13.6 and in 11.4-17 or 13.7-9
D'n^K, see above. The extra occurrences do not seem significant:
12.5, 'Yahweh of hosts, their God', and v. 8, 'like God, like an angel
of Yahweh'.
rup, 11.5 and 13.5, is a fairly distinctive word, but both these references
are somewhat obscure. It is difficult to see how they could be
related. 2
"iKtft is used of the sheep that are to be left to perish in 11.9, and of
the 'families that are left' in the list of those who mourn over the one
who is pierced. No connection is obvious. Compare also the word in'
which is found in 13.8 (also 14.16; TT£, 14.2).
"7I3R, see above, also occurs in 12.6 of the clans of Judah, who
devour peoples to the right and left. The figure used is of fire, not
'eating flesh', and there would not seem to be any connection here.
1. There is no warrant in the version for emending the text. 'ViK is given in BDB
(p. 17) as an adjective, the only example of this form meaning 'foolish'. It could as
easily be taken to mean 'my foolish one' (the sense always includes the idea of moral
evil). y?R means 'worthlessness, nothingness' (BDB, p. 47) and is characteristically
used of idols. Rudolph (Haggai, p. 203) suggests emendations, but these
are not legitimate for us.
2. rap is apparently used of 'buyers' in 11.5, in contrast to the sellers of the JUS
itnnn. In 13.5 the most likely meaning is 'man (i.e. not God) possessed me from my
youth'. See, e.g., R.L. Smith, Nahum-Malachi, p. 280. Many emend the text, e.g.
substituting Wp for rap. See Rudolph, Haggai, pp. 266-67.