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SEC Form 20-F - Deutsche Bank Annual Report 2012

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<strong>Deutsche</strong> <strong>Bank</strong> Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements F-42<br />

<strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>20</strong>10 on <strong>Form</strong> <strong>20</strong>-F 02 – Critical Accounting Estimates<br />

The Group has established internal control procedures over the valuation process to provide assurance over<br />

the appropriateness of the fair values applied. If fair value is determined by valuation models, the assumptions<br />

and techniques within the models are independently validated by a specialist group. Price and parameter<br />

inputs, assumptions and valuation adjustments are subject to verification and review processes. If the price<br />

and parameter inputs are observable, they are verified against independent sources.<br />

If prices and parameter inputs or assumptions are not observable, the appropriateness of fair value is subject<br />

to additional procedures to assess its reasonableness. Such procedures include performing revaluations using<br />

independently generated models, assessing the valuations against appropriate proxy instruments, performing<br />

sensitivity analysis and extrapolation techniques, and considering other benchmarks. Assessment is made as<br />

to whether the valuation techniques yield fair value estimates that are reflective of the way the market operates<br />

by calibrating the results of the valuation models against market transactions. These procedures require the<br />

application of management judgment.<br />

Other valuation controls include review and analysis of daily profit and loss, validation of valuation through<br />

close out profit and loss and Value-at-Risk back-testing.<br />

Fair Value Estimates Used in Disclosures<br />

Under IFRS, the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be disclosed according to the<br />

valuation method used to determine their fair value. Specifically, segmentation is required between those<br />

valued using quoted market prices in an active market (level 1), valuation techniques based on observable<br />

parameters (level 2) and valuation techniques using significant unobservable parameters (level 3). This disclosure<br />

is provided in Note 14 “Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value”. The financial assets held at fair value<br />

categorized in level 3 were € 47.3 billion at December 31, <strong>20</strong>10, compared to € 58.2 billion at December 31, <strong>20</strong>09.<br />

The financial liabilities held at fair value categorized in level 3 were € 13.0 billion at December 31, <strong>20</strong>10 and<br />

€ 18.2 billion at December 31, <strong>20</strong>09. Management judgment is required in determining the category to which<br />

certain instruments should be allocated. This specifically arises when the valuation is determined by a number<br />

of parameters, some of which are observable and others are not. Further, the classification of an instrument<br />

can change over time to reflect changes in market liquidity and therefore price transparency.<br />

In addition to the fair value hierarchy disclosure in Note 14 “Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value” the<br />

Group provides a sensitivity analysis of the impact upon the level 3 financial instruments of using a reasonably<br />

possible alternative for the unobservable parameter. The determination of reasonably possible alternatives<br />

requires significant management judgment.<br />

For financial instruments measured at amortized cost (which includes loans, deposits and short and long term<br />

debt issued) the Group discloses the fair value. This disclosure is provided in Note 15 “Fair Value of Financial<br />

Instruments not carried at Fair Value”. Generally there is limited or no trading activity in these instruments and<br />

therefore the fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

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