NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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esidents are living with advanced HIV disease. Los Angeles County cumulative cases represent approximately 36 percent of the 135,982 cumulative cases in California and approximately 6 percent of the 886,575 cumulative cases nationwide. Of the cumulative cases reported in Los Angeles County, 47 percent were White, 30 percent were Hispanic, 20 percent were African-American, 44 percent were age 30–39, and 92 percent were male. The proportion of newly diagnosed males solely exposed through injection drug use has ranged between 5 and 7 percent from 1997 to 2003 (exhibit 15). The proportions for other exposure categories, such as the combination of male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, heterosexual contact, blood transfusion, and hemophilia/coagulation disorder, have remained relatively stable since 1997. The proportion of men exposed to AIDS through male-to-male sexual contact has decreased steadily, from 66 percent in 1997 to 64 percent in 2003. The proportion of male cases with an “other” or “undetermined” exposure category continues to rise steadily, and in 2003, it accounted for 21 percent of all male cases diagnosed that year. The modal exposure category for females diagnosed with AIDS in 1997 was heterosexual contact (46 percent). This exposure category has been associated with a lower proportion of female AIDS cases since then; in 2003, it was associated with 34 percent of all newly diagnosed female AIDS cases. Female cases attributable to injection drug use, which were stable at 16–17 percent of all female cases from 2000 to 2002, decreased to 11 percent in 2003. The proportion of female cases with an “other” or “undetermined” exposure category continued to increase, accounting for 54 percent of all female cases diagnosed in 2003. 110 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Los Angeles County In Los Angeles County, approximately 7 percent of all AIDS cases have involved injection drug use (alone) as the primary route of exposure. Among the 3,403 cumulative cases primarily attributable to injection drug use, 73 percent occurred among males. African-Americans are the modal group of male injection drug users (IDUs) (accounting for 38 percent), followed by equal percentages of Whites and Hispanics (each accounting for 31 percent). A similar pattern was seen with female IDU AIDS cases. African-Americans continued to constitute the greatest proportion (44 percent), followed by Whites (31 percent) and Hispanics (22 percent). An additional 7 percent of the total cumulative cases were attributable to a combination of male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use. Fifty-two percent of the male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use cases were White. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank those individuals and agencies that provide the wide array of valuable alcohol- and drug-related data, statistics, and information. Los Angeles County’s participation in and contribution to the Community Epidemiology Work Group would be extremely difficult without the continuous cooperation of several local, State, and national agencies. In particular, the author wishes to thank Craig Chaffee (California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs), Rudy Lovio and Jeff Sharon (Los Angeles Criminal Information Clearinghouse), the LAPD Staff Services Unit staff (Narcotics Division), Valley Rachal and Liqun Wong (NFLIS), Judy Ball and Erin Mallonee (DAWN), Stu Heard and Terry Carlson (California Poison Control System), Greg Austin and Kiku Annon (WestEd), and Gordon Bunch and the LACDHS HIV Epidemiology Program staff. For inquiries concerning this report, please contact Beth Finnerty, M.P.H., University of California at Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 South Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, Phone: 310-445-0874 ext. 376, Fax: 310-312-0538, E-mail: . Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Los Angeles County Exhibit 1. Population Characteristics, Los Angeles County and the State of California, by Percent: 2000 U.S. Census Population Characteristics Los Angeles County California Population, 2003 estimate (N) (9,871,506) (35,484, 453) Population, percent change, April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2003 3.7 4.8 Population, year 2000 (N) (9,519,338) (33,871,648) Persons younger than 5 7.7 7.3 Persons younger than 18 28.0 27.3 Persons age 65 and older 9.7 10.6 Female 50.6 50.2 White 48.7 59.5 Black or African-American 9.8 6.7 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.8 1.0 Asian persons 11.9 10.9 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3 0.3 Persons reporting some other race 23.5 16.8 Persons reporting two or more races 4.9 4.7 White, not Hispanic/Latino origin 31.1 46.7 Persons of Hispanic/Latino origin 44.6 32.4 SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts Exhibit 2. Number of ED Visits, by Case Type, in the Los Angeles County Division (Unweighted 1 ): January–June 2004 Case Type Number of ED Visits 1 Suicide Attempt 313 Seeking detoxification 115 Alcohol only (age
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
Page 66 and 67: Ecstasy remained available in most
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Page 72 and 73: 66 and analyzed by the Division of
Page 74 and 75: ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
Page 76 and 77: 18 at the time of admission to trea
Page 78 and 79: Injecting had been the most common
Page 80 and 81: alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
Page 90 and 91: The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
Page 92 and 93: Methamphetamine remains the leading
Page 94 and 95: methamphetamine, representing 76.5
Page 96 and 97: Of interest in this chart is the ag
Page 104 and 105: 98 weighted DAWN data released by S
Page 106 and 107: A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
Page 108 and 109: data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
Page 110 and 111: According to NDIC, California and M
Page 112 and 113: and 15 items were identified as pse
Page 114 and 115: most frequently reported secondary
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Page 128 and 129: (DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131: Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133: 65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135: the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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Page 144 and 145: tion was injection (62.9 percent),
Page 146 and 147: included reports of ED cases involv
Page 152 and 153: From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
Page 154 and 155: NFLIS between October 2003 and Sept
Page 156 and 157: from 12.2 percent in the first half
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160 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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ground economy, it was estimated th
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According to street interviews, mos
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that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Benloton, X-man, 911, Lean Back, Se
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DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
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ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
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the deaths, while Whites constitute
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2000 reported that the average hero
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for this drug, making olanzapine th
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ADHS/DBHS reported that more than o
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Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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