NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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144 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Minneapolis/St. Paul Exhibit 5. Past-Year Use of Selected Drugs by High School Seniors in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area: 2001 and 2004 Percent of Seniors 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 65.0 60.4 Alcohol Alcohol 48.4 Tobacco Tobacco 41.8 33.9 30.2 Marijuana Marijuana 9.4 11.0 9.1 4.5 Rx Rx Drugs Drugs 2001 2004 5.5 6.1 5.7 5.0 SOURCE: 2001 and 2004 Minnesota Student Survey for high school seniors in the 5-county metropolitan area including the counties of Hennepin, Ramsey, Anoka, Dakota, and Washington. There were 14,140 respondents in 2001 and 16,156 in 2004. Pastyear use refers to any use in the past year. MDMA MDMA Cocaine Cocaine Methamphetamine Methamphetamine Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Newark PMSA Drug Abuse in the Newark Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area Allison S. Gertel-Rosenberg, M.S. 1 ABSTRACT In this report, drug abuse indicators in the Newark primary metropolitan statistical area (Newark PMSA) are presented using substance abuse treatment data, emergency department data, medical examiner cases, and other information. Most primary admissions (72.6 percent) in the first half of 2004 were for illicit drugs. Heroin accounted for 73.9 percent of all primary admissions for illicit drugs in the Newark PMSA, compared with 10.9 percent for primary crack/cocaine and 11.3 percent for primary marijuana use. Consistent with the treatment data, emergency department reports of heroin in the Newark PMSA accounted for the largest proportion of drug reports. Heroin purity remained high, at 61.3 percent in 2003. Between October 2003 and September 2004, cocaine accounted for 45.6 percent of items analyzed by NFLIS, followed by heroin (34.7 percent) and marijuana (10.2 percent). INTRODUCTION Area Description The Newark primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA) consists of five counties: Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren. In 2003, there were an estimated 2,069,188 residents in the PMSA, with 38 percent living in Essex County (which contains Newark City), 26 percent in Union County, 23 percent in Morris County, and the rest residing in the remaining counties. According to the 2000 Census, the population of the Newark PMSA is diverse in respect to race: 66 percent are White, 22 percent are Black, and 4 percent are Asian. Hispanics account for 13 percent of the PMSA population. There is also a wide variation in racial/ethnic breakdowns for each county. In Essex County, 45 percent of the population are White and 41 percent are Black. Union County is 65 percent White and 21 percent Black. By comparison, Morris County is 87 percent White and 3 percent Black; Sussex County is 96 percent White and 1 percent Black; and Warren County is 95 percent White and 2 percent Black. Hispanics account for 15 percent of the population in Essex, 8 percent in Morris, 3 percent in Sussex, 20 percent in Union, and 4 percent in Warren. The counties are also very diverse by socioeconomic status. In the Newark PMSA as a whole, 5.8 percent of families with children younger than 18 live below the poverty level. For counties within the PMSA, the poverty status for families with children younger than 18 is 18 percent in Essex, 3 percent in Morris, 4 percent in Sussex, 9 percent in Union, and 5 percent in Warren. These social, demographic, and economic variations suggest substantial differences in drug use behaviors of residents by county. New Jersey is situated between major industrial markets in New York and Pennsylvania and has been referred to as the “crossroads of the east.” It is a gateway State, with major interstate highways, roadways, airports, seaports, and other infrastructures capable of accommodating large amounts of passenger and cargo traffic from both the eastern and western parts of the United States. New Jersey can therefore be considered an ideal strategic, as well as vulnerable, corridor for the transportation of drug contraband and illicit currency. 2 New Jersey has one of the highest concentrations of pharmaceutical and biochemical manufacturing firms in the country. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the most prevalent sources of diverted pharmaceutical drugs in New Jersey include doctor shopping, prescription forgery, and organized prescription rings. The forging of prescriptions is a continuing problem among employees in the medical field, who use their positions to gain access to blank prescription pads. The most commonly diverted pharmaceuticals are the benzodiazepines and opiates, especially the hydrocodone products, with Percocet, Percodan, Xanax, Dilaudid, Valium, and Vicodin representing the most common brand name drugs diverted. The DEA is also reporting an increase in the diversion of OxyContin (oxycodone), both in Newark and South Jersey, where it has become a particular problem among teenagers and young adults. 1 The author is affiliated with the New Jersey Division of Addiction Services, Department of Human Services, Trenton, New Jersey. 2 DEA Briefs and Background State Fact Sheets. New Jersey 2004. . Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 145
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
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Ecstasy remained available in most
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66 and analyzed by the Division of
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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Page 100 and 101: 94 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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Page 104 and 105: 98 weighted DAWN data released by S
Page 106 and 107: A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
Page 108 and 109: data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
Page 110 and 111: According to NDIC, California and M
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Page 116 and 117: esidents are living with advanced H
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Page 128 and 129: (DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131: Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133: 65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135: the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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Page 144 and 145: tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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Page 152 and 153: From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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Page 156 and 157: from 12.2 percent in the first half
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Page 170 and 171: ground economy, it was estimated th
Page 172 and 173: According to street interviews, mos
Page 174 and 175: that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Page 178 and 179: DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
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ADHS/DBHS reported that more than o
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Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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206 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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