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methamphetamine, representing 76.5 deaths per 1,000,000 for the island of O'ahu. Crystal methamphetamine prices remained stable in 2004. The drug is sold in the islands as "clear" (a clear, white form) or "wash" (a brownish, less processed form). Prices for ice vary widely according to these two categories and availability, as illustrated by prices on O'ahu: $50 (wash) or $75 (clear) per 0.25 gram; $200–$300 (wash) or $600–$900 (clear) per gram; $450–$600 (wash) or $1,000–$2,000 (clear) per one-quarter ounce; and $2,200–$3,000 (wash) per ounce. HPD methamphetamine case data peaked at 984 in 1995 (exhibit 9). The annual number of cases subsequently declined annually, and they totaled 616 in 2002 and 964 in 2003. However, in 2004, a total of 8.083 cases were reported. Minimal data are available from the neighbor islands, but they also show an increase in cases. NFLIS data for FY 2003 and FY 2004 show that methamphetamine was the most often seized substance, with 62 percent of the FY 2003 and 59 percent of the FY 2004 samples testing positive for methamphetamine. The final piece of information on Hawai'i’s leading drug is from the ADAM site. Weighted data on adult male arrestees for 2001, 2002, and 2003 show that the drug most frequently found in the urines of these arrestees was amphetamines, almost entirely methamphetamine (exhibit 10). The weighted 2003 data show that 46.3 percent tested positive for amphetamines/methamphetamine in the first quarter, 38.0 percent were positive in the second quarter, and 46.0 percent were positive for amphetamines in the third quarter. Depressants Barbiturates, sedatives, and sedatives/hypnotics are combined into this category. Few data were provided about these drugs in the islands. ADAD maintains three categories under this heading: benzodiazepines, other tranquilizers, and barbiturates. Treatment admissions for these drugs are minimal in terms of impact on the system. Annually, the numbers admitted to treatment for these drugs total less than 10. 88 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Honolulu, Hawai'i The number of ME mentions for depressants has remained stable for several years at five or less. The HPD have not reported depressant case data since 1991. Neighbor island police reported fewer than 15 cases per year since 1996. Prices remain stable at $3–$20 per unit for barbiturates and $2–$3 per pill for secobarbital (Seconal or "reds"). Hallucinogens Hallucinogen treatment admissions total less than five per year. No hallucinogen ME mentions have been reported since the beginning of data collection. Prices for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were $4– $6 per "hit" and $225–$275 per 100 dosage unit sheets (a "page") in this reporting period. No hallucinogen case data were generated for 2002. UCR Data The Uniform Crime Report has often been described as the most reliable database in the criminal justice area. Unfortunately, it has also been described as being none too valid in terms of the definitions used to collect the data. For Community Epidemiology Work Groups, it is yet another data set that is routinely collected by others and is in the public domain. Hawai'i produces data from the UCR via an Attorney General’s Web site, with data from 1975 to the present easily accessible to outside users. This short analysis uses the UCR data to suggest that even greater utility might be made with them if the researchers were given access to the full data set, which contains the arrest-specific information, as well as more demographic and criminal justice information on the subjects reported on in the UCR. For Honolulu, the following chart shows that violent crimes are not and have never been much of a problem. It also shows that while having several peaks and troughs, property crime is lower now than it was in the mid-1990s and early 1980s. The data included in these indexes are murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, larceny thefts, motor vehicle thefts, and arson. Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
Number of cases 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1975 1977 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Honolulu, Hawai'i 1979 SOURCE: Uniform Crime Reports The UCR collects data on several categories of drug crime as well as associated crimes. The next analysis will include data from 1975 through 2003 that focuses on specific drug manufacture and drug trafficking data, as well as that related to driving under the influence (DUI) and other liquor offenses. To under- Number 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1975 1977 Crime Index for Honolulu 1975-2003 from Uniform Crime Report Data 1981 1983 1985 1987 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 89 1989 1991 1993 Violent Crime Index Property Crime Index Total Index 1995 1997 stand the following chart, it is important to note that methamphetamine is included in the non-narcotic data both for manufacture and possession. The possession data are, as would be expected, always higher than the manufacture and distribution data. UCR Data on Drugs and Petty Theft in Honolulu: 1975-2003 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 Opium or Cocaine Marijuana Synthetic Narcotic Nonnarcotic DUI Liquor Law s 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 1999 2001 2001 2003 2003
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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Page 44 and 45: • Logan International Airport and
Page 46 and 47: In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
Page 48 and 49: The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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Page 58 and 59: • Emergency department (ED) drug
Page 60 and 61: monly mentioned secondary drug amon
Page 62 and 63: Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
Page 64 and 65: In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
Page 66 and 67: Ecstasy remained available in most
Page 70 and 71: EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
Page 72 and 73: 66 and analyzed by the Division of
Page 74 and 75: ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
Page 76 and 77: 18 at the time of admission to trea
Page 78 and 79: Injecting had been the most common
Page 80 and 81: alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
Page 90 and 91: The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
Page 92 and 93: Methamphetamine remains the leading
Page 96 and 97: Of interest in this chart is the ag
Page 104 and 105: 98 weighted DAWN data released by S
Page 106 and 107: A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
Page 108 and 109: data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
Page 110 and 111: According to NDIC, California and M
Page 112 and 113: and 15 items were identified as pse
Page 114 and 115: most frequently reported secondary
Page 116 and 117: esidents are living with advanced H
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Page 128 and 129: (DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131: Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133: 65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135: the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
Page 136 and 137: “Crystal” or smokeable methamph
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tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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included reports of ED cases involv
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142 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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NFLIS between October 2003 and Sept
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from 12.2 percent in the first half
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156 2003. Anecdotal information on
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Brownsville, and El Paso. African-A
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ground economy, it was estimated th
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According to street interviews, mos
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that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Benloton, X-man, 911, Lean Back, Se
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DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
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ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
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the deaths, while Whites constitute
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2000 reported that the average hero
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for this drug, making olanzapine th
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ADHS/DBHS reported that more than o
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Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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