NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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from 12.2 percent in the first half of 2003 to 10.4 percent in the first half of 2004, while alcohol-incombination admissions increased slightly from 8.6 percent to 10.4 percent during the same time period. Unweighted data from DAWN Live! show that alcohol-in-combination with other drugs or alcohol alone for those younger than 21 accounted for 574 ED reports in the Newark PMSA between January and June 2004, as indicated by data received January 13, 2005. INFECTIOUS DISEASES RELATED TO DRUG ABUSE In 2003, New Jersey ranked fifth nationally in cumulative AIDS cases, third in cumulative pediatric AIDS cases, and ninth in cases reported in 2003. As of June 30, 2004, there were 64,219 cumulative HIV/AIDS cases reported in New Jersey, about 464 of which were reported in the first half of 2004. Of the cumulative cases, 25,452 (39.6 percent of the State total) were in the Newark PMSA, and 12,329 (19.2 percent of the State total) were in Newark City. A total of 62,993 cumulative HIV/AIDS cases statewide, and 12,045 in Newark City, were adults/adolescents age 13 or older. Statewide, the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases involving injection drug use has declined substantially. Thus, approximately 42 percent of cumulative HIV/ AIDS cases statewide involved injection drug use alone, compared to 17 percent of cases diagnosed between July 2003 and June 2004. In Newark City, 49 percent of cumulative cases involved injection drug use alone (only cumulative transmission mode data are available for Newark). The proportion of cases linked to heterosexual transmission in New Jersey has increased dramatically. Approximately 28 percent of cumulative cases and 48 percent of cases reported between July 2003 and June 2004 can be attributable to heterosexual transmission. The majority of this difference is found in the “partners of unknown HIV risk” category. There has been a slight increase in the number of transmission cases related to men who have sex with men (MSM). The cumulative proportion for this risk category is 19 percent, while the proportion for cases reported be- 150 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Newark PMSA tween July 2003 and June 2004 is 20 percent. Additionally, 15 percent of cases reported between July 2003 and June 2004 are still recording in the “other or unknown” transmission mode category. In Newark City, 9 percent of cumulative HIV/AIDS cases involved MSM transmission, 20 percent involved heterosexual contact, and 18 percent involved “other or unknown” transmission. A larger proportion of females (34 percent of cumulative cases in Newark and 36 percent in the State) were infected through heterosexual contact than males (11 percent and 8 percent in Newark and the State, respectively). There has been a steady increase in the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Newark and in the State as a whole. The total number statewide has increased from 25,343 in 1997 32,401 as of June 30, 2004. Among people living with HIV/AIDS as of June 30, 2004, about 35 percent statewide and 41 percent in Newark City are female. Compared to the State as a whole, a substantially higher proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS in Newark are non-Hispanic Black (79 vs. 55 percent) (exhibits 9 and 10). About 17 percent among those living with HIV/AIDS in Newark and 21 percent statewide are Hispanic, and about 3 percent in Newark and 22 percent statewide are non-Hispanic White. With respect to transmission mode among people living with HIV/AIDS, injection drug use alone accounted for 32 percent of cases statewide and 39 percent in Newark (exhibits 9 and 11). Heterosexual contact accounted for 21 percent of cases statewide and 25 percent in Newark. MSM contact alone accounted for 19 percent statewide 10 percent in Newark, while MSM and injection drug user (IDU) combined were involved in 3 percent of cases statewide and 3 percent of cases in Newark. The continued increase in heroin injection by the young (aged 18–25) and the very high levels of heroin abuse and heroinrelated deaths continue to pose a serious risk for an increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases. However, no data are yet available to document any rise in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in New Jersey. For inquiries concerning this report, please contact Allison S. Gertel-Rosenberg, M.S., Program Manager, Division of Addiction Services, Office of Policy Development, New Jersey Department of Human Services, 120 South Stockton Street, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 362, Trenton, NJ 08625, Phone: 609-984-4050, Fax: 609-292-1045, E-mail: allison.gertel@dhs.state.nj.us. Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Newark PMSA Exhibit 1. Percentages of Primary Treatment Admissions (Excluding Alcohol) for Selected Drugs in Newark City, Newark PMSA, and New Jersey: January–June 2004 Marijuana Cocaine/Crack Heroin SOURCE: ADADS, NJSAMS, Division of Addiction Services, NJ Department of Human Services Exhibit 2. Percentages of Primary Treatment Admissions (Excluding Alcohol) for Selected Drugs in Newark City, Newark PMSA, and New Jersey: January–December 2003 SOURCE: ADADS, NJSAMS, Division of Addiction Services, NJ Department of Human Services Exhibit 3. Characteristics of Primary Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions in the State, by Percent: January–December 2003 1 Characteristic Marijuana Cocaine/Crack Heroin 16.6 11.3 7.9 14.7 10.9 7.4 15.2 10.0 7.0 9.8 6.6 Alcohol Only 15.6 State Newark PMSA Newark City State Alcohol-in- Combination Newark PMSA Newark City Crack Cocaine Marijuana Heroin Other Opiates Gender Male 72.9 74.7 59.5 72.0 82.5 65.7 62.9 Female 26.9 25.2 40.4 27.8 17.5 34.2 36.9 Race/Ethnicity White 83.3 70.6 47.4 70.8 55.1 54.6 92.1 Black 12.9 26.6 49.8 25.4 40.1 39.2 6.1 Hispanic 12.1 11.0 8.8 18.9 17.8 17.3 5.5 Age at Admission 17 and younger 1.3 6.1 0.9 3.0 32.7 0.4 1.8 18–25 9.8 21.6 12.6 19.2 40.3 17.4 18.4 26–35 18.0 25.4 33.4 33.6 18.9 31.7 31.0 36 and older 70.9 46.8 53.2 44.1 8.0 50.3 48.8 1 Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding or missing values. SOURCE: TEDS, OAS, SAMHSA Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 151 60.8 64.2 73.9 82.6 77.1 85.4
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
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Ecstasy remained available in most
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66 and analyzed by the Division of
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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98 weighted DAWN data released by S
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Page 108 and 109: data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
Page 110 and 111: According to NDIC, California and M
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Page 128 and 129: (DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131: Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133: 65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135: the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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Page 144 and 145: tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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206 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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