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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Atlanta Exhibit 5. Number DAWN ED Prescription Drug Misuse Cases in Atlanta, by Selected Drug (Unweighted 1 ): January–October 2004 Benzodiazepines 1 The unweighted data are from 18–19 Atlanta EDs reporting to DAWN. All DAWN cases are reviewed for quality control. Based on this review, cases may be corrected or deleted, and, therefore, are subject to change. SOURCE: DAWN Live!, OAS, SAMHSA, updated 1/17/2005 18 Hydrocodone Oxycodone 241 317 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 878 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Baltimore Metropolitan Area Drug Use in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area: Epidemiology and Trends, 2000–2004 (First Half) Leigh A. Henderson, Ph.D., and Doren H. Walker, M.S. 1 ABSTRACT Heroin indicators for the Baltimore metropolitan area as a whole generally indicated an increase over 2001 levels. Heroin use in the Baltimore metropolitan area is complex. There are several groups of heroin users differing by urbanicity, route of administration, age, and race. Baltimore has a core of older African- American heroin users, both injectors and intranasal users. White users entering treatment for heroin were younger and were predominantly injectors. Cocaine indicators also began to increase in 2001. Cocaine use was reported by 51 percent of drug-related treatment admissions in the Baltimore PMSA, with 14 percent reporting primary use and 37 percent reporting use secondary to use of alcohol or another drug. Cocaine smoking was the most prevalent route of administration among both primary and secondary users, followed by injection and intranasal use. Cocaine smokers were likely to use heroin intranasally. Cocaine injection was strongly linked to heroin injection. Intranasal cocaine users were likely to use heroin intranasally. Indicators of marijuana use have tended to increase since 2000. More often than not, marijuana use in the indicator data sets was associated with the use of alcohol or other drugs—61 percent of marijuana treatment admissions reported use of additional substances. One-third (33 percent) of drug-related treatment admissions used marijuana, 15 percent as a primary substance and 18 percent as a secondary substance. Persons entering treatment for primary marijuana use were young: 43 percent were younger than 18. A large proportion of marijuana treatment admissions (62 percent) represented referrals through the criminal justice system. Indicators for opiates and narcotics other than heroin have increased over the past several years. Stimulants other than cocaine are rarely mentioned as the primary substance of abuse by treatment admissions. INTRODUCTION Area Description The Baltimore primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA) was home to some 2.6 million persons in 2004. It comprises Baltimore City and the suburban counties of Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Queen Anne’s. Baltimore City is the largest independent city in the United States. The city’s population declined from 735,000 in 1990 to 603,000 in 2003. The population of the surrounding counties has grown from approximately 1.7 million in 1990 to 2.0 million in 2004. The city and the suburban counties represent distinctly different socioeconomic groups. In 2000, median household income in the city was $30,000, and 23 percent of the population lived in poverty. In the suburban counties, however, median household income ranged from $51,000 to $74,000, and the poverty rate averaged 5 percent. In 2000, the median value of a single-family home was $69,100 in the city and averaged $152,000 in the suburban counties. The 2000 population composition of the city differed markedly from that of the surrounding counties: 32 percent White and 64 percent African-American, versus 80 percent White and 15 percent African- American, respectively. Two percent of the population in the city and 3 percent of the population in the suburban counties were Asian. Two percent of the population in both the city and the suburban counties were Hispanic. The Baltimore area is a major node on the northsouth drug trafficking route. It has facilities for entry of drugs into the country by road, rail, air, and sea. Baltimore is located on Interstate 95, which continues north to Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, and south to Washington, DC, Richmond, and Florida. Frequent daily train service is available on this route. The area is served by three major airports (Baltimore- Washington International Airport in Baltimore County and Reagan National and Dulles Airports in the vicinity of Washington, DC, approximately 50 miles from the Baltimore City center). Baltimore is also a significant active seaport. The area has numerous colleges and universities and several military bases. Data Sources The authors are affiliated with Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia. NOTE: This report has historically used emergency department (ED) drug mention data and mortality Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 19
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
Page 3: Foreword This publication includes
Page 6 and 7: EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
Page 8 and 9: 2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
Page 11: Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
Page 14 and 15: • The city of Atlanta has become
Page 16 and 17: In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
Page 18 and 19: eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
Page 20 and 21: population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
Page 22 and 23: 16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
Page 26 and 27: data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
Page 28 and 29: than age 18, compared to 4 percent
Page 30 and 31: More often than not, marijuana use
Page 32 and 33: Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
Page 44 and 45: • Logan International Airport and
Page 46 and 47: In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
Page 48 and 49: The FY 2004 racial distribution for
Page 58 and 59: • Emergency department (ED) drug
Page 60 and 61: monly mentioned secondary drug amon
Page 62 and 63: Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
Page 64 and 65: In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
Page 66 and 67: Ecstasy remained available in most
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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76 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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98 weighted DAWN data released by S
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A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
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data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
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According to NDIC, California and M
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and 15 items were identified as pse
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most frequently reported secondary
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esidents are living with advanced H
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112 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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(DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
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Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
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65 percent were older than 34. The
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the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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“Crystal” or smokeable methamph
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tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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included reports of ED cases involv
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From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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NFLIS between October 2003 and Sept
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from 12.2 percent in the first half
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156 2003. Anecdotal information on
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Brownsville, and El Paso. African-A
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ground economy, it was estimated th
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According to street interviews, mos
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that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Benloton, X-man, 911, Lean Back, Se
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DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
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ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
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the deaths, while Whites constitute
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2000 reported that the average hero
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for this drug, making olanzapine th
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ADHS/DBHS reported that more than o
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Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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