NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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162 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—New Orleans Exhibit 6. Drug Arrests in Orleans Parish by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Offense: 2002–2003 Drug/ Offense Cocaine Possession Distribution Heroin Possession Distribution Marijuana Possession Distribution Black Males White Other Black Females White Other Total 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 2,430 1,223 204 177 4,345 808 2,134 1,086 230 155 4,389 832 430 46 53 3 1,018 51 306 38 66 5 1,034 80 10 6 1 0 16 2 14 6 0 0 18 1 646 148 18 13 384 107 385 120 24 16 447 119 129 10 25 3 196 13 101 11 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 38 0 182 23 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 3,649 1,434 301 196 5,959 981 2,941 1,262 358 176 6,070 1,057 Other Drugs 299 197 81 51 2 1 40 24 117 25 0 0 539 298 Drug Paraphernalia 1,340 1,404 636 631 11 18 447 402 204 195 2 2 2,640 2,652 SOURCE: NOPD Exhibit 7. Illicit Drug Prices in New Orleans: July–December 2004 Drug Price in Dollars Wholesale Midlevel Retail Powder Cocaine $18,000–$25,000 per kilogram $800–$1,200 per ounce $250 per ¼ ounce $9,000–$10,000 per pound $80–$150 per gram Crack $20,000–$28,000 per kilogram $900–$1,200 per ounce $5–$25 per rock $8,000 per pound $80–$125 per gram Heroin $80,000–$100,000 per kilo- $4,000–$9,000 per ounce $20–$25 per paper gram $300–$600 per gram Marijuana $2,000 per kilogram $125–$160 per ounce $10 per gram $800–$1,000 per pound $2 per joint Methamphetamine $20,000 per pound $1,400–$1,600 per ounce $400–$500 per ¼ ounce $100 per gram MDMA $8–$12 per tablet $12–$15 per tablet $15–$20 per tablet SOURCE: DEA and Narcotics Digest Weekly, NDIC
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—New York City Drug Use Trends in New York City Rozanne Marel, Ph.D., John Galea, M.A., and Robinson B. Smith, M.A. 1 ABSTRACT Drug use trends were again mixed for this reporting period. Cocaine indicators in New York City appeared to be stable in this reporting period. Although both cocaine powder and crack remain of good quality, many crack locations are seeing a decline in buyers and sellers. Heroin indicators also remained stable. Heroin remains widely available, although the purity levels have fallen below the recently reported 60percent level. Marijuana indicators, which had been reaching new peaks, seem to have stabilized. Marijuana continues to be available in a wide variety of flavors and colors. Although the numbers remain small, methamphetamine indicators are showing an increase. Both New York City and upstate areas have experienced an increase in treatment admissions. Many kinds of prescription drugs continue to be available on the street, and they seem to be growing in popularity, based on indicator data and street observations. Among the 88,479 New Yorkers living with HIV or AIDS, men having sex with men and injection drug use history were the two major transmission risk factors. INTRODUCTION Area Description New York City, with 8 million people, is by far the largest city in the United States. It is situated in the southeastern corner of the State on the Atlantic coast and encompasses an area of 320 square miles. It has nearly 600 miles of waterfront and one of the world’s largest harbors. Historically, New York City has been home to a large multiracial, multiethnic population. New York City is the largest and most racially/ethnically diverse city in the country. As has been true throughout its history, immigration continues to shape the character of New York City. It has contributed to a substantial shift in the race/ethnic composition of New York. Findings from the 2000 census show that the population diversity continues: 35 percent are White; 27 percent are Black; 27 percent are Hispanic of any race; and 10 percent are Asian and Pacific Islander. The five largest Asian groups in the city are Chinese, Asian Indian, Korean, Filipino, and Pakistani, and the five largest groups of Hispanic origin are Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Colombian, and Ecuadorian. Moreover, New York City includes people who identify with races/ethnicities from all over the world. It is estimated, for example, that in Queens alone more than 120 languages are spoken. Nearly 3 million New York City residents are foreign born (2,871,032), which represents 36 percent of the resident population, and about 1.2 million legal immigrants became New York City residents between 1990 and 2000. The Dominican Republic remains the city’s largest source of immigrants. The city remains the economic hub of the Northeast. Its main industries include services and wholesale and retail trade. Of the more than 3.7 million people employed in the city, 22 percent commute from surrounding areas. Overall, the unemployment rate in New York City for October 2004 was 6.1 percent, compared with 5.2 percent in New York State and 5.5 percent in the Nation. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the New York City rate is dramatically lower than it was in October 2003, when it was 8.3, but it is higher than the unemployment rate for October 2000, when the rate was 5.4. New York City is still experiencing the economic aftereffects of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center. Many jobs in New York City were lost as a result of decreased business activity and the relocation of business firms. Census 2000 data showed that the median household income for New York City residents was $38,323, as compared to $43,393 for State residents and $41,994 for U.S. residents as a whole. The percentages of persons living below the poverty level for New York City and the State as a whole were 21.2 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively. The comparable figure for U.S. residents as a whole in 2000 was 12.4 percent. New York City is also believed to be an economic hub for the underground economy. Defined as all off-thebooks and unregulated activity, the underground economy is believed to be growing in the United States, especially in cities with large immigrant populations like Los Angeles, Miami, and New York. For example, in a November 2004 report by the New York City Comptroller dealing with just one sector of the under- 1 The authors are affiliated with the New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services, New York, New York. Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 163
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
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Ecstasy remained available in most
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66 and analyzed by the Division of
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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98 weighted DAWN data released by S
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A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
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data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
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According to NDIC, California and M
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and 15 items were identified as pse
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most frequently reported secondary
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esidents are living with advanced H
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Page 128 and 129: (DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131: Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133: 65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135: the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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Page 144 and 145: tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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Page 152 and 153: From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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Page 156 and 157: from 12.2 percent in the first half
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Page 172 and 173: According to street interviews, mos
Page 174 and 175: that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Page 204 and 205: Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
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No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
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218 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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correspond to decreases in total ad
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228 reports in drug-related visits;
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Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
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positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
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236 are not estimates for the repor
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were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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