NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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imipramine) are an older class of medications that are now most commonly used for treating insomnia or pain. There were 11 tricyclic antidepressant-involved drug deaths in the first half of 2004. Tricyclics identified in polydrug deaths peaked in 2003 at 32 mentions, with an average of 18 per year in the preceding 6 years. All analyses for this report exclude deaths due only to antidepressants, the majority of which involve tricyclics, because the local work group determined these medications are rarely used exclusively as drugs of abuse. The unweighted data accessed through DAWN Live! show a total of 58 drug reports for tricyclic antidepressants, with just 19 of the drug abuse/other case type. INFECTIOUS DISEASES RELATED TO DRUG ABUSE Available data are for people diagnosed with HIV infection between July 2001 and June 2004 and reported to PHSKC or the Washington Department of Health as of November 30, 2004. Injecting drug users (IDUs) make up 6 percent (n=54) of King County HIV cases and 14 percent (n=74) of HIV cases in the rest of the State. These levels are much lower than the national average of 26 percent. MSM who are also IDUs make up 7 percent (n=64) of the HIV cases in the county and 6 percent (n=29) in the rest of the State, higher than the national average of 5 percent. 246 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Seattle-King County Area Excepting male drug injectors who also have sex with men, the rate of HIV infection among the 15,000–18,000 IDUs who reside in King County has remained low and stable over the past 14 years. Various serosurveys conducted in methadone treatment centers and correctional facilities and through street and community-targeted sampling strategies over this period indicate that 4 percent or fewer of IDUs who are not MSM in King County are infected with HIV. Data from a CDC-funded HIV Incidence Study (HIVIS 1996-2001) suggest that the rate of new infections among non-MSM/non-IDUs in King County is less than 0.5 percent per year. See the stimulant section of this report for findings related to methamphetamine use and HIV infection from local prevalence estimates and STD clinic patients. Hepatitis B and C are endemic among Seattle-area injectors. Epidemiologic studies conducted among more than 4,000 IDUs by PHSKC’s HIV-AIDS Epidemiology Program since 1994 reveal that 85 percent of King County IDUs may be infected with hepatitis C (HCV), and 70 percent show markers of prior infection with hepatitis B (HBV). Local incidence studies indicate that 21 percent of non-infected IDUs acquire HCV each year and 10 percent of IDUs who have not had hepatitis B acquire HBV. For inquiries concerning this report, please contact Caleb Banta-Green, MPH, MSW, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, 1107 NE 45th St, Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, Phone: (206) 685-3919, Fax: (206) 543-5473, E-mail: , Web: http://adai.washington.edu or Ron Jackson, MSW, Evergreen Treatment Services, Phone (206) 223-3644, E-mail: ronjack@u.washington.edu. Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Seattle-King County Area Exhibit 1. Drug Treatment 1 Admissions for Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary Use of Selected Drugs by Youth and Adults Combined in King County, Washington: January 1999–June 2004 Drug 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1H 2004 (N) % (N) % (N) % (N) % (N) % (N) % Any Alcohol Use 7,867 79.93 8,180 78.06 7,557 77.36 6,733 75.8 6,538 74.38 3,448 75.15 Any Methamphetamine Use Any Cocaine Use Any Marijuana Use 898 9.12 1,194 11.39 1,372 14.05 1,231 13.86 1,218 13.86 697 15.19 4,382 44.52 4,667 44.54 4,105 42.02 3,535 39.8 3,406 38.75 1,703 37.12 4,975 50.55 5,377 51.31 5,120 52.42 4,403 49.57 4,435 50.46 2,159 47.06 Any Heroin Use 2,533 25.74 2,719 25.95 2,190 22.42 1,944 21.89 1,735 19.74 928 20.23 IDU 2 (Ever) 3,558 36.15 3,865 36.88 3,361 34.41 3,015 33.95 2,652 30.17 1,432 31.21 Total 9,842 10,479 9,768 8,882 8,790 4,588 Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 Alcohol Marijuana Cocaine IDU- Ever Heroin Meth Treatment Admissions for King County Residents, Any Use of Drug 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1H 2004 1 Data include all ages, all treatment modalities, department of corrections and private pay clients at opiate substitution treatment clinics. 2 Injection drug use (ever). SOURCE: Washington State TARGET data system—Structured Ad Hoc Reporting System Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 247
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
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Ecstasy remained available in most
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66 and analyzed by the Division of
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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98 weighted DAWN data released by S
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A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
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data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
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According to NDIC, California and M
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and 15 items were identified as pse
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most frequently reported secondary
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esidents are living with advanced H
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112 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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(DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
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Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
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65 percent were older than 34. The
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the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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“Crystal” or smokeable methamph
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tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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included reports of ED cases involv
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From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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NFLIS between October 2003 and Sept
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from 12.2 percent in the first half
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156 2003. Anecdotal information on
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Brownsville, and El Paso. African-A
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ground economy, it was estimated th
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According to street interviews, mos
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that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Benloton, X-man, 911, Lean Back, Se
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DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
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ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
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the deaths, while Whites constitute
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2000 reported that the average hero
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for this drug, making olanzapine th
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Page 218 and 219: 212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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