NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

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190 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Philadelphia Exhibit 1. DAWN Hospital Emergency Department Cases, Seeking Detox, Overmedication, or Other 1 (Unweighted 2 ): January through June 2004 Major Drugs of Abuse Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total (N=) (887) (810) (1,015) (978) (1,059) (806) (5,555) Cocaine 323 284 375 327 409 316 2,034 Alcohol 244 205 262 239 297 221 1,468 Heroin 153 156 187 218 172 144 1,030 Marijuana 121 116 121 136 137 107 738 PCP 17 29 34 19 20 10 129 Amphetamines 8 7 11 8 11 2 47 MDMA 8 7 7 11 5 2 40 Methamphetamine 4 3 8 3 1 0 19 GHB 2 0 2 3 2 0 9 LSD 2 0 2 2 1 0 7 Miscellaneous Hallucinogens 2 1 0 8 1 1 13 Inhalants 0 1 2 1 1 0 5 Combinations NTA 3 3 1 4 3 2 3 16 1 Includes cases related to recreational use, abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and misuse. These data represent 74.9 percent of all cases. 2 The unweighted data are from 25–27 Philadelphia EDs reporting to DAWN. All DAWN cases are reviewed for quality control. Based on this review, cases may be corrected or deleted and, therefore, are subject to change. 3 NTA=Not tabulated above. SOURCE: DAWN LIVE!, OAS, SAMHSA, updated 1/14/2005 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Philadelphia Exhibit 2. Annual Mortality Cases in Philadelphia with the Presence of the 20 Most Frequently Detected Drugs by the Medical Examiner: 1994–First Half 2004 ME-Identified Drugs Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 191 Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1. Cocaine 368 336 277 304 218 238 321 300 270 326 205 3,163 2. Heroin/Morphine 262 318 290 336 249 236 332 316 275 208 125 2,947 3. Alcohol-in-Combination 253 254 182 214 157 179 197 185 153 290 88 2,152 4. Diazepam 69 44 35 58 39 67 46 56 28 66 51 559 5. Phencyclidine (PCP) 46 44 29 46 19 35 48 45 51 58 20 441 6. Codeine 34 39 19 20 3 15 19 45 57 120 62 435 7. Methadone 23 12 26 24 10 36 36 46 55 79 57 404 8. Diphenhydramine 19 13 5 4 9 25 33 53 42 116 74 392 9. Oxycodone 4 2 1 14 29 17 49 53 68 81 51 369 10. Propoxyphene 30 30 27 32 21 22 40 43 31 41 17 334 11. Nortriptylene 14 11 15 18 24 29 20 32 32 50 20 265 (tie) 12. Alprazolam 24 8 17 18 19 8 16 31 27 45 31 244 (tie) 12. Amitriptylene 11 14 13 16 21 23 20 24 35 48 19 244 14. Hydrocodone 6 1 9 8 15 13 27 38 31 40 23 211 15. Temazepam 10 4 21 30 20 18 18 23 11 30 22 207 16. Doxepin 23 8 16 6 16 29 19 18 19 21 14 189 17. Fluoxetine 4 7 9 10 24 14 23 27 13 28 12 171 18. Phenobarbital 18 17 15 4 10 10 18 26 5 18 19 160 19. Oxazepam 5 3 9 26 19 11 12 17 11 16 24 153 20. Ibuprofen 2 1 0 2 1 7 8 18 10 53 41 143 Total Drugs Mentioned 1,346 1,245 1,121 1,282 1,039 1,232 1,637 1,857 1,589 2,672 1,746 16,766 Total Mortality Cases 617 632 565 592 484 533 675 660 593 841 469 6,661 Average Number of Drugs Per Death SOURCE: Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office 1H 2004 Total 2.18 1.97 1.98 2.17 2.15 2.31 2.43 2.81 2.68 3.18 3.72 2.52 Exhibit 3. Causes of Annual Mortality Cases in Philadelphia, as Determined by the Medical Examiner, by Percent: 1998–First Half 2004 ME-Identified Cause 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1H 2004 Adverse Effect of Drugs 60.6 55.7 56.6 56.4 57.7 30.4 32.4 Overdose 3.7 3.8 2.1 3.8 2.5 6.3 8.5 Violence by Another Person 10.7 9.6 13.0 10.0 11.6 17.2 15.8 Violence to Oneself 7.2 6.6 5.6 6.2 5.6 10.5 8.3 Other Causes 1 17.8 24.3 22.7 23.6 22.6 35.6 35.0 1 Other Causes include deaths with the presence of drugs caused by accident, injury, drowning, or a health or physical malady. SOURCE: Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
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Foreword This publication includes
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
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2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
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Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
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• The city of Atlanta has become
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In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
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eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
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population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
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16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
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data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
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than age 18, compared to 4 percent
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More often than not, marijuana use
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Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
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• Logan International Airport and
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In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
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The FY 2004 racial distribution for
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• Emergency department (ED) drug
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monly mentioned secondary drug amon
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Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
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In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
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Ecstasy remained available in most
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66 and analyzed by the Division of
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ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
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18 at the time of admission to trea
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Injecting had been the most common
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alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
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The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
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Methamphetamine remains the leading
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methamphetamine, representing 76.5
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Of interest in this chart is the ag
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98 weighted DAWN data released by S
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A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
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data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
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According to NDIC, California and M
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and 15 items were identified as pse
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most frequently reported secondary
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esidents are living with advanced H
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112 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
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(DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
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Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
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65 percent were older than 34. The
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the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
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“Crystal” or smokeable methamph
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tion was injection (62.9 percent),
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Page 152 and 153: From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
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Page 156 and 157: from 12.2 percent in the first half
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Page 170 and 171: ground economy, it was estimated th
Page 172 and 173: According to street interviews, mos
Page 174 and 175: that crack sells for about $28,000-
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Page 178 and 179: DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
Page 180 and 181: ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
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Page 190 and 191: the deaths, while Whites constitute
Page 192 and 193: 2000 reported that the average hero
Page 194 and 195: for this drug, making olanzapine th
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Page 204 and 205: Marijuana is widely available in Ar
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Page 220 and 221: purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
Page 222 and 223: No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
Page 228 and 229: correspond to decreases in total ad
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Page 244 and 245: were evident. Excluding missing dat
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The characteristics of other opiate
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June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
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Deaths involving depressants were a
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imipramine) are an older class of m
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The term “lag” refers to the pe
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costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
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ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
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The 2004 secondary school survey re
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nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
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age may be partially due to the fac
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York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
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In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
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opolitan Police Department report t
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International Report
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Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
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Others (63.8 percent) were using a
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Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
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Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
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DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
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Participant List National Institute
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Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
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Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
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