NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—Phoenix and Arizona Exhibit 13. Correctional Officer Offender Liaison (COOL) Program Referrals in Phoenix: FY 2001–FY 2004 210 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 5,458 Referrals Intakes 5,530 4,119 4,140 SOURCE: Arizona Department of Health Services, Division of Behavioral Health Services, Bureau for Substance Abuse Treatment and Prevention 6,467 4,560 5,953 FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 4,330 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE—St. Louis Patterns and Trends in Drug Abuse in St. Louis Heidi Israel, Ph.D., R.N., L.C.S.W., 1 and Jim Topolski, Ph.D. 2 ABSTRACT Heroin and cocaine indicators remained mixed, while methamphetamine has increased in St. Louis indicators. St. Louis and St. Louis County law enforcement personnel continue to devote many resources to methamphetamine, and labs in rural areas continued to be a problem. Club drug use/abuse continued to be sparse and decreasing. Marijuana indicators have been trending up in St. Louis for some time. Primary marijuana treatment admissions more than doubled between 1997 and 2001 and remained at this elevated level. In the St. Louis area, 5 percent of HIV cases had a risk factor of injection drug use, and another 5 percent were among men who have sex with men and also inject drugs. INTRODUCTION Area Description The St. Louis metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes approximately 2.6 million people living in the city of St. Louis; St. Louis County; the surrounding rural Missouri counties of Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, and Warren; in Illinois, East St. Louis; and St. Clair County. St. Louis City’s population has continued to decrease to approximately 350,000, many of whom are indigent and minorities. Although violent crime has generally decreased, it remains high in drug-trafficking areas. St. Louis County, which surrounds St. Louis City, has more than 1 million residents, many of whom fled the inner city. The county is a mix of established affluent neighborhoods and middle and lower class housing areas on the north and south sides of the city. The most rapidly expanding population areas are in St. Charles and Jefferson Counties in Missouri and St. Clair and Madison Counties in southern Illinois, which have a mixture of classes and both small towns and farming areas. The populations in these rural counties total more than 800,000. The living conditions and cultural differences have resulted in contrasting drug use patterns. Much of the information included in this report is specific to St. Louis City and County, with caveats that apply to the total MSA. Anecdotal information and some treatment data are provided for rural areas and for the State. Limited data are also available for other parts of Missouri and offer a contrast to the St. Louis drug use picture. Policy Issues Methamphetamine production and use is a major concern for both law enforcement and the legislature. Small labs continue to place a hardship on law enforcement in terms of personnel and resources. The legislature has taken bold moves to require precursor drugs, such as pseudoephedrine, that are sold in local retail stores to be locked up or placed behind pharmacy counters. While this policy may now slow down local producers, it does not address the major source of methamphetamine in the Midwest—a fact that gets lost in the local problem of small “mom and pop” lab seizures. Missouri has been in a budget crisis for years, and St. Louis County has more recently reported budget deficits and resulting cuts in services. The areas that suffer first are psychiatric services and treatment services. Limited treatment continues to be available for drug abusers. The addiction model as understood through experience and research has shown that treatment services are cost effective to both society and the individual, yet the trend is to not offer these services. The result is that some of these indicators cannot fully reflect the degree of use or abuse of the substances tracked. Data Sources The sources used in this report are indicated below: Emergency department (ED) data were accessed from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Live!, a restricted-access online system administered by the Office of Applied Studies (OAS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The unweighted data are for 2004, updated in December 1 Dr. Israel is affiliated with the Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri. 2 Dr. Topolski is affiliated with the Division of Evaluation, Policy, and Ethics, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, Missouri. Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, Vol. II, January 2005 211
Page 1 and 2:
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EP
Page 3:
Foreword This publication includes
Page 6 and 7:
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
Page 8 and 9:
2 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUS
Page 11:
Epidemiology of Drug Abuse: CEWG Ar
Page 14 and 15:
• The city of Atlanta has become
Page 16 and 17:
In the first 6 months of 2004, trea
Page 18 and 19:
eports (exhibit 2), while African-A
Page 20 and 21:
population) than in 2002 (17.2 per
Page 22 and 23:
16 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABU
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
data from the Drug Abuse Warning Ne
Page 28 and 29:
than age 18, compared to 4 percent
Page 30 and 31:
More often than not, marijuana use
Page 32 and 33:
Solomon, L.; Flynn, C.; Muck, K.; e
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
• Logan International Airport and
Page 46 and 47:
In 2002, heroin/morphine was indica
Page 48 and 49:
The FY 2004 racial distribution for
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
• Emergency department (ED) drug
Page 60 and 61:
monly mentioned secondary drug amon
Page 62 and 63:
Between 2001 and 2003, the Illinois
Page 64 and 65:
In the NIHU Study, 20 percent of pa
Page 66 and 67:
Ecstasy remained available in most
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
66 and analyzed by the Division of
Page 74 and 75:
ounce in the Denver metropolitan ar
Page 76 and 77:
18 at the time of admission to trea
Page 78 and 79:
Injecting had been the most common
Page 80 and 81:
alcohol; 651 involved alcohol-in-co
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
The economy in Hawai'i, after a dec
Page 92 and 93:
Methamphetamine remains the leading
Page 94 and 95:
methamphetamine, representing 76.5
Page 96 and 97:
Of interest in this chart is the ag
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
98 weighted DAWN data released by S
Page 106 and 107:
A total of 5,425 cocaine arrests wa
Page 108 and 109:
data, however, rising from 1.5 perc
Page 110 and 111:
According to NDIC, California and M
Page 112 and 113:
and 15 items were identified as pse
Page 114 and 115:
most frequently reported secondary
Page 116 and 117:
esidents are living with advanced H
Page 118 and 119:
112 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
(DAWN) that monitors emergency depa
Page 130 and 131:
Beginning in 2003, SAMHSA’s natio
Page 132 and 133:
65 percent were older than 34. The
Page 134 and 135:
the 1,198 drug abuse ED reports in
Page 136 and 137:
“Crystal” or smokeable methamph
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
tion was injection (62.9 percent),
Page 146 and 147:
included reports of ED cases involv
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
From November 10 to 16, 2004, 18 me
Page 154 and 155:
NFLIS between October 2003 and Sept
Page 156 and 157:
from 12.2 percent in the first half
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
156 2003. Anecdotal information on
Page 164 and 165:
Brownsville, and El Paso. African-A
Page 166 and 167: 160 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG AB
Page 170 and 171: ground economy, it was estimated th
Page 172 and 173: According to street interviews, mos
Page 174 and 175: that crack sells for about $28,000-
Page 176 and 177: Benloton, X-man, 911, Lean Back, Se
Page 178 and 179: DAWN ME mentions for marijuana-invo
Page 180 and 181: ecstasy. MDMA ED mentions may be st
Page 188 and 189: EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE
Page 190 and 191: the deaths, while Whites constitute
Page 192 and 193: 2000 reported that the average hero
Page 194 and 195: for this drug, making olanzapine th
Page 202 and 203: ADHS/DBHS reported that more than o
Page 204 and 205: Marijuana is widely available in Ar
Page 218 and 219: 212 2004. Data from 2000-2002 DAWN
Page 220 and 221: purity dropped to 14.4 percent in 2
Page 222 and 223: No recent GHB incidents or deaths w
Page 228 and 229: correspond to decreases in total ad
Page 234 and 235: 228 reports in drug-related visits;
Page 236 and 237: Marijuana Arrests for marijuana-rel
Page 238 and 239: positivity. UHS staff believe, on t
Page 242 and 243: 236 are not estimates for the repor
Page 244 and 245: were evident. Excluding missing dat
Page 246 and 247: The characteristics of other opiate
Page 248 and 249: June 2004 (exhibit 6c). A minority
Page 250 and 251: Deaths involving depressants were a
Page 252 and 253: imipramine) are an older class of m
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
The term “lag” refers to the pe
Page 270 and 271:
costs $1,200-$1,500, compared with
Page 272 and 273:
ties. In the DFW area, Mexican mari
Page 274 and 275:
The 2004 secondary school survey re
Page 276 and 277:
nio and two 2-ounce bottles cost $1
Page 278 and 279:
age may be partially due to the fac
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
York and Miami (Pach et al. 2002).
Page 298 and 299:
In 2003, heroin was the primary sub
Page 300 and 301:
opolitan Police Department report t
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 309:
International Report
Page 312 and 313:
Among GTC patients, marijuana was t
Page 314 and 315:
Others (63.8 percent) were using a
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 323:
Panel on Methamphetamine Abuse: NID
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 333:
Appendix A New Drug Abuse Warning N
Page 336 and 337:
DAWN LIVE! The new DAWN includes ca
Page 339 and 340:
Participant List National Institute
Page 341 and 342:
Janie B. Dargan, M.S.W. Policy Anal
Page 343:
Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Associate Pr
show all

NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE EPIDEMIOLOGIC ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?