Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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9 Volunteers: Who Are They and What Are Their Roles? NORA O’BRIEN-SURIC RESPONDING TO DISASTERS REQUIRES COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT When disasters occur, the entire community is affected. Therefore, it is the responsibility of community leaders to guarantee everyone receives the assistance they need in order to survive and that no person is left behind. This requires a large corps of trained people, including, and perhaps especially, volunteers. First responders are trained to mobilize instantly when a disaster strikes, but as we witnessed during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina, first responders cannot meet the overwhelming demands subsequent to catastrophic events. Therefore, it is incumbent on community leaders to develop emergency preparedness plans that include others in the community who can supplement the services of the first responders. A corps of trained volunteers can provide the services that are part of the specific responsibilities of first responders. In addition to trained volunteers, communities also need to consider the value of and make arrangements for spontaneous volunteers, who will undoubtedly emerge when a disaster strikes and can also provide muchneeded assistance. 157
158 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Disasters will happen, whether they are man-made or natural; having an emergency plan for the disaster as it occurs and to assist in the aftermath and rebuilding of the community’s ability to care for its citizens is critical. Volunteers can and should play a role. In many other countries, volunteers are integral to the delivery of health and social services during and after emergencies (Padraig, 2008). Community level interventions foster community competence and ownership of problems and solutions and help strengthen and sustain the community after the disaster (Somasundaram, Asukai, & Murthy, 2003). This chapter explores the need for volunteers in community emergency preparedness: which types of people tend to volunteer, recruiting and training volunteers, the benefits of reaching out to older adults as volunteers, and using volunteers to assist older people in particular during emergencies. To the extent possible, this chapter references evidence-based practice in utilizing volunteers during emergencies. However, the literature review conducted for this chapter did not result in extensive research on evidence-based practice. Current research indicates evidence-based practice is not the norm in some areas of emergency management (Perry & Lindell, 2003; Ronan & Johnson, 2005). PREPARING FOR DISASTERS Little is known about a community’s level of preparedness to meet the basic needs of its citizens immediately following a disaster, yet the health and safety of the community following a disaster depends on that level of preparedness (Adams & Canclini, 2008). Communities benefit enormously—before, during, and following a disaster—by investing the time and resources to develop an emergency plan involving as many community resources as possible. It will make the community more resilient while providing a sense of control to those involved in the emergency planning and a sense of security for the residents. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities: economic development, social capital, information and communication, and community competence, which together provide a strategy for disaster readiness (Norris, Stevens, Pfefferbaum, Wyche, & Pfefferbaum, 2008). These four elements were echoed throughout the literature review that informed this chapter. Developing a community emergency plan by using volunteers will tap into the social capital of the community as well as develop com-
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Dedicated to Flo Aaroe, who personi
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Contributors xi Foreword by Robert
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14 Geriatric Assessment for Differe
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xii Contributors Terry Fulmer, PhD,
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xiv Contributors Douglas M. Sanders
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Foreword With the increase in the n
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Preface The rage you feel does more
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Preface xxi and (3) influence the d
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Preface xxiii as key to the prepara
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Acknowledgments In connection with
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1 A Primer for Disaster and Emergen
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Chapter 1 A Primer for Disaster and
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2 Older Persons in Disasters and Em
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Chapter 2 Older Persons in Disaster
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NORMAL CHANGES WITH AGING ORGANS/SY
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Immune Function Laboratory Tests Em
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48 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Community Response to the Needs of
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5 National and Cross-National Model
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Chapter 5 National and Cross-Nation
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6 Supervision and Facilitated Refl
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Page 196 and 197: VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING AND RECEIVING
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208 Geriatric Mental Health Disaste
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12 Complementary and Alternative Ap
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Chapter 12 Complementary and Altern
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Where to Find a Therapist Chapter 1
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Self-Care Chapter 12 Complementary
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13 The Interdisciplinary Treatment
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Chapter 13 The Interdisciplinary Tr
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Choose solutions Review literature
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14 This chapter focuses on the ment
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Chapter 14 Geriatric Assessment for
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15 Bereavement and Grief: What Is N
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Chapter 15 Bereavement and Grief 29
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The Length of Mourning Chapter 15 B
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16 The Experience of Vulnerability
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Chapter 16 The Experience of Vulner
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17 Alzheimer’s Disease and Relate
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Chapter 17 Alzheimer’s Disease an
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n Do your best to remain calm. The
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380 Appendix I A Guide to Developin
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390 Appendix II Glossary of Terms C
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A AAGP. See American Association fo
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community initiatives/lessons learn
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depression v., 287 during disasters
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Emergency preparedness, gaps in tra
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adverse reactions to, 226 conclusio
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health care provider training on, 7
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physical changes/resultant weakness
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supervisor component of, 110 -113,
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Spirituality of African Americans/A
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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