Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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Chapter 12 Complementary and Alternative Approaches 231 The initial task of mental health professionals during or postdisaster is to normalize the event for the older persons by the following (Greene & Graham, 2006, p. 206): n Setting a positive tone n Listening to their stories n Finding positive aspects of their experiences n Reminding them of past successes with adversity n Indicating that help is on the way n Giving encouragement It is important that professionals who work with older persons during disasters be attuned to the spiritual propensity of this population and help older persons retrieve these strengths as they remember their prior experiences of coping with stress and adversity. It is not uncommon for those who have been traumatized by disaster to express or feel one or more of the following ( Taylor, 2008): n Anger with God (or a higher being) or religious leaders n Distance from God or sudden need to turn to God n Withdrawal from established religious institutions or uncharacteristic involvement n Questioning of one’s beliefs n Emptiness with spiritual or religious practices and rituals n Belief that God does not care or is not in control n Belief that we have failed God Those who are connected to a particular religious tradition will be best helped spiritually if they feel attention is paid to helping them meet their religious requirements. These include, but are not limited to, the following (Roberts & Ashley, 2008, p. xviii): n Access to religious worship n Access to sacred scripture and (religious) texts n Access to food that meets a person’s religious needs n A multifaith sacred space that can be used for meditation and prayer n Appropriate, timely, religious care of the dead Identifying God images can be one assessment factor in deciding whether or not to use spirituality in counseling. Those with a view of God
232 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness as reachable and visible in others and themselves and who allow themselves to yield control to God typically have positive coping abilities and lessened feelings of anxiety (Aten, et al., 2008). Identifying disaster survivors’ images of God could allow for social interaction and support among those with similar God images ( Aten, et al.). Spiritual direction and counsel provided by the clergy are important during all phases of a disaster (Greene & Graham, 2006; Roberts & Ashley, 2008). In the United States, clergy have been involved formally in postdisaster spiritual care since the enactment of the Aviation Disaster Assistance Act of 1996. The role of the clergy is not to convert but to be attentive and comforting to emotional needs that disaster victims and recovery workers may have as a result of the disaster ( Davidowitz-Farkas & Hutchinson-Hall, 2005; Roberts & Ashley). Some of the ways clergy can assist during disasters are listed in Table 12.1. Two programs developed for veterans that make use of spirituality also could be adapted for older persons. Chaplain William P. Mahedy has initiated a program called the Spiritual Bootcamp for Combat Veterans. The program incorporates the Alcoholics Anonymous model to move veterans who experience feelings of helplessness to a place of reliance on a greater spiritual being (Sigmund, 2003). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Residential Rehabilitation Program (PRRP) at Dayton VA Medical utilizes a spirituality group that focuses on forgiveness and acceptance as tools for letting go and releasing anger for those with symptoms of PTSD (Sigmund). The prayer wheel, which originated from the Buddhist tradition and is illustrated in Figure 12.1, is a nondenominational way of interactive prayer adapted for use with older persons (Rajagopal, MacKenzie, Bailey, & Lavizzo-Mourey, 2002; Rossiter-Thornton, 2000). It has been found to be effective for relieving symptoms of subsyndromal anxiety in a small sample and could be used with groups of older adults following a disaster. Each component takes 5 minutes to complete. Participants choose either a private or public response to each of the eight portions of the wheel as directed by the particular component. This technique may empower older persons and help restore some control over their life situations (Rajagopal, et al., 2002; Rossiter-Thornton, 2000). The Spiritual Practices Web site provides an ongoing interdenominational and nonreligious set of spiritual practices based upon 37 key spiritual words. The practices include quotations, videos, books, art, music, and inspirational synopses that one can use with a group for reflection and discussion or for individual reflection ( Brussat & Brussat, 2008). The prac-
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Dedicated to Flo Aaroe, who personi
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Contributors xi Foreword by Robert
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14 Geriatric Assessment for Differe
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xii Contributors Terry Fulmer, PhD,
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xiv Contributors Douglas M. Sanders
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Foreword With the increase in the n
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Preface The rage you feel does more
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Preface xxi and (3) influence the d
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Preface xxiii as key to the prepara
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Acknowledgments In connection with
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1 A Primer for Disaster and Emergen
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Chapter 1 A Primer for Disaster and
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2 Older Persons in Disasters and Em
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Chapter 2 Older Persons in Disaster
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NORMAL CHANGES WITH AGING ORGANS/SY
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Immune Function Laboratory Tests Em
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48 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Community Response to the Needs of
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5 National and Cross-National Model
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Chapter 5 National and Cross-Nation
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6 Supervision and Facilitated Refl
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Chapter 6 Supervision and Facilitat
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Team Respons
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120 Geriatric Mental Health Disaste
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8 Self-Help Tools for Older Persons
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Chapter 8 Self-Help Tools for Older
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9 Volunteers: Who Are They and What
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 159 munity com
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 161 RECRUITING
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 163 et al.). O
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 165 cial effor
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 167 nizations
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VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING AND RECEIVING
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 171 Gibson, M.
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Clinical Response to the Needs of O
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Table 10.1 PRE-DISASTER/BASELINE DO
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Chapter 14 Geriatric Assessment for
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15 Bereavement and Grief: What Is N
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Chapter 15 Bereavement and Grief 29
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The Length of Mourning Chapter 15 B
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16 The Experience of Vulnerability
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Chapter 16 The Experience of Vulner
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17 Alzheimer’s Disease and Relate
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Chapter 17 Alzheimer’s Disease an
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n Do your best to remain calm. The
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380 Appendix I A Guide to Developin
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390 Appendix II Glossary of Terms C
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A AAGP. See American Association fo
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community initiatives/lessons learn
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depression v., 287 during disasters
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Emergency preparedness, gaps in tra
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adverse reactions to, 226 conclusio
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health care provider training on, 7
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physical changes/resultant weakness
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supervisor component of, 110 -113,
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Spirituality of African Americans/A
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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