Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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Chapter 15 Bereavement and Grief 311 itation and promote sleep. Any dosage reduction of these medications must be gradual. Antidepressants were found helpful in one controlled trial. The formation of bonds of affection is a complex and variable process. In general, the loss of children is felt with the greatest pain, but the loss of a spouse produces the greatest loss of function. Social services and financial assistance may be needed to cope with the loss of a spouse. The life of the old is often considered less valuable, which can affect the priority of rescue attempts. The role of DNR orders in triage situation has not been codified. Grief can take the form of anger, which may be directed at helpers and lead to litigation. Increased mortality, mental disturbance, and suicide rates can be tracked for many years after bereavement in disasters. REFERENCES American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR . Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2004). Practice guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Part A. Treatment recommendations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161 (11, Suppl. 1– 31). Barak, Y. (2007). The aging of holocaust survivors: Myth and reality concerning suicide. Israeli Medical Association Journal, 9, 196 –198. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. Beem, E. E., Hoolijkaas, H., Cleiren, M. H., Schut, H. A., Garssen, B., Croon, M. A., et al. (1999). The immunological and psychological effects of bereavement: Does grief counseling make a difference? A pilot study. Psychiatry Research , 85 , 81– 93. Birkett, D. P. (2001). Psychiatry in the nursing hom e. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. Boelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2007). Treatment of complicated grief: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 277–284. Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth . Developmental Psychology, 28 (5), 759 –775. Collins, C., Burazeri, G., Gofi n, J., & Kark, J. D. (2004). Health status and mortality in Holocaust survivors living in Jerusalem 40–50 years later. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 403 – 411. Cochrane, A. L. (1999). Effectiveness and effi ciency: Random refl ections on health services. London: Nuffi eld Provincial Hospitals Trust. Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals (Rep. ed.). New York: Barnes and Noble Publishing. Eberl, M. M. (2008). Bereavement interventions: Evidence and ethics. Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.bioethics.buffalo.edu / bereavement Ellis, A., & Dryden, W. (2007). The practice of rational emotive behavior therapy (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing.
312 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and melancholia [trauer und melancholia]. In J. Rickman (Ed.), A general selection from the works of Sigmund Freud (p. 124–140). New York: Doubleday Anchor. (Original work published 1917). Freud, S. (1982). Studienausgabe band III, psychologie des unbewussten. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Fischer Wissenschaft, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. (Original work published 1917). Hoffman, J. (2006, October 10). The last word on the last breath. New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com Holmes, T., & Rahe, R. (1967). The social readjustment scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218. Humphreys, J. (2006). John Humphreys returns. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from http:// www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-406691 / John-Humphreys-returns-Aberfan.html Kellerman, N. P. (1999). Diagnosis of Holocaust survivors and their children. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 36, 55 – 64. Kendler, K. S., Myers, J., & Zisook, S. (2008). Does bereavement related major depression differ from depression associated with other stressful life events? American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1449 –1455. Klerman, G., Weissman, M., Rounsaville, B. J., & Chevron, E. S. (1984). Interpersonal psychotherapy of depression. New York: Basic Books. Kushner, H. S. (2001). When bad things happen to good people (20th Anniversary ed.). New York: Random House . Lis-Turiejska, M., Luszczynski, A., Plichta, A., & Benight, C. C. (2008). Jewish and non- Jewish World War II child and adolescent survivors at 60 years after war: Effects of parental loss and age at exposure on well-being. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 78, 369 – 377. Morgan, L., Scourfi eld, J., Williams, D., Jasper, A., & Lewis, G. (2003). The Aberfan disaster: A 33-year follow-up of survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 532 – 536. National Cancer Institute. (2009). Bereavement, mourning, and grief (Health professional version). Retrieved October 18, 2009, from www.cancer.gov/cancertopics /pdq / supportivecare / bereavement / HealthProfessional Neimeyer, R. A. (2008). Grief and bereavement counseling. In C. Bryant & D. Peck (Eds.), Encyclopedia of death and human experience. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Neimeyer, R. A., Hogan, N. S., & Laurie, A. (2008). The measurement of grief: Psychometric considerations in the assessment of reactions to bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice ( pp. 133 –161). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Parkes, C. M. (1998). Bereavement: studies of grief in adult life (3rd ed.). Madison, CT: International Universities Press. Rafay. (2005, August 31). Untitled message posted to http://neworleans.metblogs.com Rees, W. D. (1971). The hallucinations of widowhood. British Medical Journal, 4, 37– 38 . Sagi-Schwart, A., Van IJzedoorn, M. H., Grossmann, K. E., Joels, T., Grossmann, K., Scharf, M., et al. (2003). Attachment and traumatic stress in female Holocaust survivors and their children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1086 –1092. Shear, K., Frank, E., Houch, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005). Treatment of complicated grief: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 2601–2608.
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Dedicated to Flo Aaroe, who personi
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Contributors xi Foreword by Robert
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14 Geriatric Assessment for Differe
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xii Contributors Terry Fulmer, PhD,
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xiv Contributors Douglas M. Sanders
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Foreword With the increase in the n
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Preface The rage you feel does more
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Preface xxi and (3) influence the d
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Preface xxiii as key to the prepara
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Acknowledgments In connection with
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1 A Primer for Disaster and Emergen
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Chapter 1 A Primer for Disaster and
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2 Older Persons in Disasters and Em
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Chapter 2 Older Persons in Disaster
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NORMAL CHANGES WITH AGING ORGANS/SY
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Immune Function Laboratory Tests Em
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48 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Community Response to the Needs of
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5 National and Cross-National Model
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Chapter 5 National and Cross-Nation
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6 Supervision and Facilitated Refl
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Chapter 6 Supervision and Facilitat
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Team Respons
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120 Geriatric Mental Health Disaste
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8 Self-Help Tools for Older Persons
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Chapter 8 Self-Help Tools for Older
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9 Volunteers: Who Are They and What
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 159 munity com
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 161 RECRUITING
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 163 et al.). O
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 165 cial effor
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 167 nizations
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VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING AND RECEIVING
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 171 Gibson, M.
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Clinical Response to the Needs of O
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Table 10.1 PRE-DISASTER/BASELINE DO
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Table 10.2 DURING-DISASTER SYMPTOM
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Table 10.3 POSTDISASTER SYMPTOM DOM
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Table 10.5 POSSIBLE BENEFITS OF SEL
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12 Complementary and Alternative Ap
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Chapter 12 Complementary and Altern
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Where to Find a Therapist Chapter 1
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Self-Care Chapter 12 Complementary
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13 The Interdisciplinary Treatment
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Chapter 13 The Interdisciplinary Tr
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Choose solutions Review literature
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380 Appendix I A Guide to Developin
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390 Appendix II Glossary of Terms C
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A AAGP. See American Association fo
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community initiatives/lessons learn
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depression v., 287 during disasters
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Emergency preparedness, gaps in tra
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adverse reactions to, 226 conclusio
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health care provider training on, 7
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physical changes/resultant weakness
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supervisor component of, 110 -113,
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Spirituality of African Americans/A
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