Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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12 Complementary and Alternative Approaches LUCIA McBEE, CONCETTA M. TOMAINO, RICHARD MANDELBAUM, THERESE M. MIERSWA, AND ANDREA SHERMAN COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) The ability to cope with disaster is mediated by internal and external resources. For many older persons, the aging process has provided abundant experience in coping with life challenges. Norris and colleagues (2002) reviewed research on disasters and concluded that when middle-aged adults were differentiated from older adults, in every American sample middle-aged adults were almost consistently more affected by disasters than older adults. While older persons may have some disadvantages due to their physical and cognitive disabilities, they often have experienced loss, pain, disruption, and disability and may have developed effective coping skills already. One example of these coping skills is the increased use of CAM by older persons for symptomatic relief of multiple chronic conditions ( Montalto, Bhargava, & Hong, 2006). In this chapter, we review a number of CAM skills designed to enhance the ability of older adults and their caregivers to respond to disaster, internally and externally. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, or NCCAM (National Institute of Health, 2009), defines CAM as treatments that are not part of contemporary conventional medicine. Complementary interventions 213
214 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness are used in conjunction with conventional medicine, and alternative interventions are used in place of conventional interventions. While often described as new age, CAM modalities include healing practices that have been used for over 3,000 years such as acupuncture, meditation, rituals, prayer, and herbs. CAM modalities tend to be holistic — for example, viewing mind, body, and spirit as intrinsically connected. There is an extensive range of treatments under the CAM rubric. In a 2005 survey, the Institute of Medicine listed 100 CAM therapies, practices, and systems. The National Institutes of Health’ s Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program categorizes CAM models and interventions as the following: n Alternative medical systems n Mind/body interventions n Biologically based therapies n Manipulative and body-based methods n Energy therapies Alternative medical systems fundamentally differ from the diagnoseand-treat model of Western medicine. Ancient alternative systems include Indian Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and homeopathy. Mind/body interventions incorporate meditation, prayer, and cognitive and creative therapies. Biologically based therapies use herbs, vitamins, and food. Manipulative therapies comprise massage and chiropractic medicine. Energy therapies include Reiki, chi gong, and magnetic fields (National Institutes of Health, 2009). As it targets symptom relief, CAM is especially appropriate for older persons and those with chronic conditions. Four out of 10 U.S. adults have used at least one form of CAM in the past 12 months according to a 2007 study released by the NCCAM division of the National Institutes of Health (Barnes, Bloom, & Nahin, 2008). In a 2000 study of 848 adults over age 50, nearly 70% of the respondents used at least one CAM modality, with 44% reporting using curative CAM and 58% reporting using preventive / curative CAM (Montalto, Bhargava, & Hong, 2006). In a large survey, researchers found that 88% of those over 65 years old used CAM (Ness, Cirillo, Weir, Nisly, & Wallace, 2005). In another survey, it was noted that individuals age 40 – 64 had the highest rates of CAM use (Tindle, Davis, Phillips, & Eisenberg, 2005). CAM services are generally low risk, low cost, and appeal to culturally diverse populations. Targeting symptom relief and using a holistic approach, these modalities address the multifaceted
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Dedicated to Flo Aaroe, who personi
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Contributors xi Foreword by Robert
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14 Geriatric Assessment for Differe
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xii Contributors Terry Fulmer, PhD,
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xiv Contributors Douglas M. Sanders
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Foreword With the increase in the n
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Preface The rage you feel does more
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Preface xxi and (3) influence the d
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Preface xxiii as key to the prepara
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Acknowledgments In connection with
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1 A Primer for Disaster and Emergen
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Chapter 1 A Primer for Disaster and
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2 Older Persons in Disasters and Em
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Chapter 2 Older Persons in Disaster
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NORMAL CHANGES WITH AGING ORGANS/SY
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Immune Function Laboratory Tests Em
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48 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Community Response to the Needs of
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5 National and Cross-National Model
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Chapter 5 National and Cross-Nation
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6 Supervision and Facilitated Refl
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Chapter 6 Supervision and Facilitat
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Team Respons
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120 Geriatric Mental Health Disaste
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8 Self-Help Tools for Older Persons
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Chapter 8 Self-Help Tools for Older
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9 Volunteers: Who Are They and What
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 159 munity com
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Chapter 13 The Interdisciplinary Tr
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14 This chapter focuses on the ment
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Chapter 14 Geriatric Assessment for
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15 Bereavement and Grief: What Is N
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Chapter 15 Bereavement and Grief 29
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The Length of Mourning Chapter 15 B
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16 The Experience of Vulnerability
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Chapter 16 The Experience of Vulner
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17 Alzheimer’s Disease and Relate
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Chapter 17 Alzheimer’s Disease an
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n Do your best to remain calm. The
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380 Appendix I A Guide to Developin
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390 Appendix II Glossary of Terms C
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A AAGP. See American Association fo
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community initiatives/lessons learn
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depression v., 287 during disasters
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Emergency preparedness, gaps in tra
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adverse reactions to, 226 conclusio
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health care provider training on, 7
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physical changes/resultant weakness
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supervisor component of, 110 -113,
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Spirituality of African Americans/A
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