Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness

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Chapter 18 Disaster Related Elder Mistreatment (DREM) 373 (Geroff & Olshaker). An appropriate planning structure should be the platform for a detail-oriented elder mistreatment assessment. Possible markers of neglect and abuse, including bruises, pressure sores, fractures, burns, and abrasions, are not the only identifiers of abuse (AMA, 1992). It is important to note and document every particular as a key to the interpretation of these markers; identifying their presence as well as their characteristics — such as anatomic location, extent, morphology, severity, and multiplicity —may help differentiate between an intentional injury and an avoidable one (Fernandez, Byard, Lin, Benson, & Barbera, 2002). Therefore, training and educating both health care personnel (clinical, behavioral, and forensic assessors) and older persons would help identify evidence of mistreatment as caused by the conduct (acts or omissions) of an abusing person. CONCLUSIONS Disaster preparedness and careful planning for older persons are integral for the prevention of DREM. Referral to experts is important for those who do not feel competent in this new area of practice. For all clinicians, the focus of a health assessment must be on the needs of the older person and may sometimes simply involve asking if the individual feels neglected or inappropriately treated. This may set the stage for the next steps in the DREM-care planning process and provide useful information on appropriate protocol development. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Special credit goes to the National Library of Medicine, The Frederick L. Ehrman Medical Library at New York University, and Itty Mathew, disaster informationist for the research and data mining support for this chapter. REFERENCES AARP. (2006). We can do better. Lessons learned for protecting older persons in disasters. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from http://assets.aarp.org /rgcenter/ il / better.pdf Acierno, R., Ruggiero, K. J., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., & Galea, S. (2006). Risk and protective factors for psychopathology among older versus younger adults after
374 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster and Emergency Preparedness the 2004 Florida hurricanes. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14 (12), 1051–1059. Aldrich, N., & Benson, W. F. (2008). Disaster preparedness and the chronic disease needs of vulnerable older adults. Preventing Chronic Disease, 5 (1), A27. American Medical Association. (1992). AMA diagnostic and treatment guidelines on domestic violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 1, 40 – 41. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author. Andresen, E., Rothenberg, B., & Zimmer, J. G. (1997). Assessing the health status of older adults. New York: Springer Publishing. Barratt, J. (2007). International perspectives on aging and disasters. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 31 (4), 57– 60. Baylor College of Medicine, & American Medical Association. (2006). Recommendation for best practices in the management of elderly disaster victims. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from http://assets.aarp.org /www.aarp.org _ /articles/aboutaarp / baylor_best_prac tices_guide.pdf Bloodworth, D. M., Kevorkian, C. G., Rumbaut, E., & Chiou-Tan, F. Y. (2007). Impairment and disability in the Astrodome after Hurricane Katrina: Lessons learned about the needs of the disabled after large population movements. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 86 (9), 770 –775. Bolin, R., & Klenow, D. J. (1983). Response of the elderly to disaster—An age-stratifi ed analysis. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 16 (4), 283 – 296. Bolin, R., & Klenow, D. J. (1988). Older people in disaster—A comparison of black and white victims. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 26 (1), 29 – 43. Bonder, B., & Wagner, M. B. (2001). Functional performance in older adults (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Bonnie, R. J., & Wallace, R. B. (2002). Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Brown, L. M. (2007). Issues in mental health care for older adults after disasters. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 31 (4), 21–26. Brunkard, J., Namulanda, G., & Ratard, R. (2008). Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005. Disaster Medicine & Public Health Preparedness, 2 (4), 215 –223. Burnett, J., Dyer, C. B., & Pickins, S. (2007). Rapid needs assessments for older adults in disasters. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 31 (4), 10–15. Carballo, M., Heal, B., & Horbaty, G. (2006). Impact of the tsunami on psychosocial health and well-being. International Review of Psychiatry, 18 (3), 217–223. Castle, N. G. (2008). Nursing home evacuation plans. American Journal of Public Health, 98 (7), 1235 –1240. Castro, C., Persson, D., Bergstrom, N., & Cron, S. (2008). Surviving the storms: Emergency preparedness in Texas nursing facilities and assisted living facilities. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 34 (8), 9 –16. Cefalu, C. A. (2007). Re: To evacuate or not to evacuate: Lessons learned from Louisiana nursing home administrators following hurricanes Katrina and Rita [Letter to the editor]. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 8 (7), 485 – 486. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003). Disaster preparedness and emergency response. New York: Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Geriatric Mental Health Disaster an
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Dedicated to Flo Aaroe, who personi
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Contributors xi Foreword by Robert
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14 Geriatric Assessment for Differe
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xii Contributors Terry Fulmer, PhD,
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xiv Contributors Douglas M. Sanders
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Foreword With the increase in the n
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Preface The rage you feel does more
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Preface xxi and (3) influence the d
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Preface xxiii as key to the prepara
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Acknowledgments In connection with
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1 A Primer for Disaster and Emergen
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Chapter 1 A Primer for Disaster and
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2 Older Persons in Disasters and Em
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Chapter 2 Older Persons in Disaster
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NORMAL CHANGES WITH AGING ORGANS/SY
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Immune Function Laboratory Tests Em
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48 Geriatric Mental Health Disaster
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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Table 3.3 GEC GEPR COLLABORATIVE PR
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5 National and Cross-National Model
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6 Supervision and Facilitated Refl
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Chapter 6 Supervision and Facilitat
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Team Respons
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120 Geriatric Mental Health Disaste
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8 Self-Help Tools for Older Persons
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Chapter 8 Self-Help Tools for Older
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9 Volunteers: Who Are They and What
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 159 munity com
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 165 cial effor
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VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING AND RECEIVING
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Chapter 9 Volunteers 171 Gibson, M.
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Clinical Response to the Needs of O
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Table 10.1 PRE-DISASTER/BASELINE DO
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Table 10.2 DURING-DISASTER SYMPTOM
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12 Complementary and Alternative Ap
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15 Bereavement and Grief: What Is N
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The Length of Mourning Chapter 15 B
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16 The Experience of Vulnerability
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