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the syntax and semantics of relativization and quantification

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140<br />

For example, in a context which contains equally prominently c<strong>and</strong>y bought by<br />

both children <strong>and</strong> adults, sentence (4.78) is felicitous, but <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relative<br />

clause in (4.78) as an independent sentence is not.<br />

(4.78) [[wawa-kuna<br />

child-pl<br />

[e] ranti-shka]]-kuna-ka<br />

buy-nm-pl-top<br />

sumak-mi.<br />

good-evid<br />

‘Those (c<strong>and</strong>ies) that <strong>the</strong> children bought are good.’<br />

(IQ)<br />

4.5.4 A proposal for movement <strong>of</strong> arguments only<br />

In <strong>the</strong> preceding sections I pointed to evidence for head-raising from isl<strong>and</strong>s, quantifiers<br />

<strong>and</strong> argument vs. adjunct behavior. With regard to <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> effects, I showed<br />

that in fact raising was not necessary to explain <strong>the</strong> impossibility <strong>of</strong> “extracting”<br />

a head from within an embedded DP given <strong>the</strong> impossibility <strong>of</strong> extracting a head<br />

from within an embedded clause coupled with <strong>the</strong> proposal that external heads can<br />

be licensed by a pragmatic relationship with <strong>the</strong> clause which is <strong>the</strong>ir direct sister.<br />

This leaves <strong>the</strong> quantifier evidence <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> argument/adjunct asymmetry. I find<br />

that <strong>the</strong> evidence points to <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> head-raising <strong>of</strong> arguments but not <strong>of</strong><br />

adjuncts. Therefore, I propose that internal argument heads can be raised at LF to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Spec <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relative clause CP, whereas adjunct heads cannot. Similarly, external<br />

heads corresponding to internal arguments may have raised from <strong>the</strong> internal position,<br />

whereas external heads corresponding to internal adjuncts are base-generated<br />

externally. In <strong>the</strong> next section I discuss <strong>the</strong> difficult question <strong>of</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r in IQ<br />

head-raising should be seen as Case-based, <strong>and</strong> tentatively conclude that it should<br />

not. In <strong>the</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong> this section I highlight a consequence <strong>of</strong> this proposal for<br />

apparently similar pairs <strong>of</strong> internally <strong>and</strong> externally headed argument <strong>and</strong> adjunct<br />

relative clauses <strong>and</strong> some supporting evidence from Cuzco Quechua.

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