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the syntax and semantics of relativization and quantification

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82<br />

<strong>the</strong> feature sets <strong>of</strong> each D are complementary in <strong>the</strong> sense that <strong>the</strong>re is no feature<br />

clash between <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Under this analysis, what distinguishes Quechua from a language like Lakhota<br />

which obeys <strong>the</strong> indefiniteness restriction on an internal head is <strong>the</strong> presence in<br />

Quechua <strong>of</strong> a Caseless determiner which allows incorporation <strong>of</strong> an overt determiner<br />

from an internal head after head-raising has taken place. What distinguishes<br />

Quechua from Japanese is <strong>the</strong> probe C which allows for head-raising in <strong>the</strong> first<br />

place, as well as <strong>the</strong> Caseless determiner. And what distinguishes Quechua from<br />

English is (at least) <strong>the</strong> option <strong>of</strong> post-Spellout head-raising, which perhaps can be<br />

attributed to a strong/weak feature distinction on C.<br />

3.4 Extending <strong>the</strong> analysis<br />

3.4.1 Subject-headed RCs, <strong>and</strong> explaining <strong>the</strong> nominalizing<br />

morphology<br />

Recall that in Cuzco Quechua, <strong>the</strong> nominalization pattern is quite straight-forward:<br />

<strong>the</strong> nominalizer -q appears when <strong>the</strong> subject is <strong>the</strong> (internal or external) head <strong>of</strong> a<br />

relative clause. The nominalizers -sqa/-na tell us that <strong>the</strong> subordinate clause action<br />

occured before/after <strong>the</strong> main clause action. These last two are used in both relative<br />

clauses <strong>and</strong> complement clauses. (Simultaneous subordinate/main action seems also<br />

to be compatible with -sqa.)<br />

Recall fur<strong>the</strong>r that while -sqa <strong>and</strong> -na are accompanied by overt subject agreement<br />

morphology, -q-marked subject <strong>relativization</strong>s do not show subject/verb agreement.<br />

Lefebvre <strong>and</strong> Muysken [1988] propose that while -sqa <strong>and</strong> -na are parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Cuzco Quechua system <strong>of</strong> Tense, -q is an agreement morpheme. Contrary to this<br />

analysis, under <strong>the</strong> analysis I am developing here, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> overt agreement with

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