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the syntax and semantics of relativization and quantification

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37<br />

(2.39) [[Irqi-q<br />

Child-gen<br />

alqu-man<br />

dog-dat<br />

rumi<br />

rock<br />

ch’anqa-sqa-n]]-qa<br />

throw-nm(nonsbj)-3sg-top<br />

ka-rqa-n.<br />

be-past-3sg<br />

‘The rock that <strong>the</strong> child threw at <strong>the</strong> dog was black.’<br />

yana<br />

black<br />

2.4.1.2 tukuy-quantified heads<br />

The E-type anaphora analysis accounts for <strong>the</strong> data in (2.31) <strong>and</strong> (2.32), but still<br />

does not explain why o<strong>the</strong>r quantifiers behave quite differently from pisi. In particular,<br />

in (2.34) <strong>and</strong> (2.35), we saw that tukuy-quantified heads receive m<strong>and</strong>atory<br />

wide scope over <strong>the</strong> relative clause. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, we saw that <strong>the</strong> LF-raising <strong>of</strong> a<br />

universally quantified head appears to violate syntactic <strong>and</strong> semantic restrictions<br />

which prohibit this configuration in o<strong>the</strong>r IHR languages.<br />

To begin to answer <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> how exactly <strong>the</strong> tukuy-quantified RCs are to<br />

be interpreted, I note first that (2.34) <strong>and</strong> (2.35) have a paraphrase in which <strong>the</strong><br />

quantifier appears explicitly in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relative clause, shown in (2.40).<br />

(2.40) Asunta<br />

Asunta<br />

[tukuy [Mayta-q plaza-pi planta<br />

all Mayta-gen plaza-loc plant<br />

p’iti-ra-n.<br />

prune-past-3sg<br />

‘Asunta pruned all <strong>the</strong> plants which Mayta planted in <strong>the</strong> plaza.’<br />

planta-sqa-n]]-ta<br />

plant-nm-3sg-acc<br />

In (2.40), <strong>the</strong> general proposal <strong>of</strong> Williamson [1987] for Lakhota neatly supplies<br />

a structure in which tukuy appears in <strong>the</strong> Determiner position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer DP. In<br />

this position this quantifier has scope over <strong>the</strong> relative clause, in keeping with <strong>the</strong><br />

gloss. The LF structure <strong>of</strong> (2.40) would <strong>the</strong>n be as in (2.41).

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