the syntax and semantics of relativization and quantification

224
(6.59) Sapa 2 /*llapan/*tukuy [pro rima-ri-qti-y],
each/every/all speak-inch-bi.adv-1sg
rima-n.
speak-3sg
‘Each time I talk, the parrot talks too.’
loro-pas
parrot-also
(6.60) ...chay lambe mayordomokunawan maqanakunay kaq
I had to fight with those wardens
sapa 2 [pro llant’a-ta
each firewood-acc
muna-wa-qti-nku].
want-1sg-bi.adv-3pl
otaq
or
q’ara-ta
cowdung-acc
qechu-y-ta
take-inf-acc
(each time) when they wanted to take my firewood or cowdung.’ (GCM p.27)
(6.61) Sapa 2
each
[pro galeta-ta
cracker-acc
mikhu-qti-y],
eat-bi.adv-1sg
loro
parrot
phawa-mu-n.
run-cis-3sg
‘Each time that I eat a cracker, the parrot comes running.’
6.5.3 Role of the suffix -nka
It is important to note at this point that the two versions of sapa do not have the
same status with all consultants. While sapa 2 is acceptable to all my consultants and
can be found fairly frequently in the narrative of Gregorio Condori Mamani, sapa 1
is unacceptable or marginal to some consultants and I have not found examples of
it in the narrative. However, sapa 1 can be “saved” by adding the suffix -nka, 6 No
-nka is allowed on instances of sapa 2 , however, as illustrated in (6.63).
6 I do not currently know how this use of -nka is related to the distributive use
of this suffix, discussed in 2.5.3. The two uses can be distinguished by noticing
that distributive -nka only appears with weak quantifiers, not strong quantifiers,
and as such it marks the distributive share (the quantity or product that is being
distributed). On the other hand the -nka under discusion here appears on sapa as
part of the distributive key (the recipients of the distribution), but it cannot other
strong quantifiers and furthermore seems not to affect the truth conditions of the
sentence.