university of nova gorica graduate school contested spaces and ...

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This constant reconstruction is troublesome nowadays, because the social, cultural and political changes, accompanied by rewriting of history, differences in population counts, minority issues, land tenure conflicts, global economy and geopolitical divisions in the world cause new contradiction and conflicts in this area, which will be the subject of Chapter Four. 190
Chapter Four NEGOTIATING RUBBISH The contents of the previous chapter described the remembered ancestral paths and movements through which the elderly villagers reshape their present spaces within which they locate their village and themselves. This chapter addresses the problem of rubbish on the coast of Dhërmi/Drimades through which local people manage and control the sources, form their identity and constitute their belonging. People’s dealings with rubbish are on the one hand very much a reflection of historically contingent, political, economic and social relationships in the village, region and country at large. On the other hand, rubbish negotiation became one of the vital subjects in the process of construction and reconstruction of these relationships and the social space in general. The chapter is comprised of two interconnected parts. In the first part I present my discussions with local tourist workers just before the main season in August. In analyzing these discussions I focus especially on the question of how people experience the place and how they manipulate with it in order to gain certain advantages. In the second part I present different stories by tourists and coastal tourist workers which exemplify how rubbish produces spatial ordering and classifies what and who are either “out of place” or “of the place”. The accounts presented illustrate people’s never ending negotiations of who is responsible for the dumping of rubbish and who for it not being removed. When talking about these issues people delineate multiplicity of contradictions and shift the responsibility from “state” to “locality” and from “locality” to “state”, from communal to individual and from individual to communal, from foreigners to locals and from locals to foreigners, from themselves to their neighbours and from neighbours to themselves. All these conceptualizations and transpositions are quite complex and depend on the social and cultural background of the individual speaker. With expansion of tourism and consequent growth in the number of tourist facilities’ owners, seasonal workers, emigrants and tourists in recent years, the questions about who or what is “dirty” and “disordered” and who or what is “clean” and “ordered” (who or what is “of the place” and who or what is “out of place”) became even more relevant. 191
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Contents ABSTRACT 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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2.4.15. Communism (1945-1990) 163 2
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During my PhD trai
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NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION, PSEUDONYM
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Map of Albania (National Geographic
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Dhërmi/Drimades (Foto: Daniela /ra
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Therefore, it was definitely not co
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and Leake (1967) who were similarly
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iron door situated in the middle of
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treated us warmly. “Days cannot b
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what to say. My roaming mind was fu
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INTRODUCTION I was led to the study
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Many people of Dhërmi/Drimades tra
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of production and the equally ratio
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processes and practices of place ma
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Duijzings 2002: 60, Green, 2005: 14
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Albanians or Vorioepirotes and Pont
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Southern Albania and Epirus in Gree
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Many scholars (Herzfeld 1991, Henry
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What I would like to propose is tha
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Himarë/Himara area (see Koçi 2006
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Vuno is the next village extending
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Annual Temperatures in Himarë/Hima
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About a century later the second ha
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mushroom-like bunkers were placed o
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eported 23 . At Zrimazes I spent a
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1.5.1. Shifting of the “Local”
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elderly who stayed behind. Those wh
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words that do not exist in Greek. A
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paid to the constructors for their
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different. When explaining these di
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“autochthonous” inhabitants, wh
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when the lessons stopped being held
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names of the official institutions
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were not allowed to perform any of
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1.7.3. Religion and Everyday Practi
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Several elderly women respect the f
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1.8. Population: Shifting Numbers U
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communism when they lived in places
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the Albanian statistics took into a
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household (ikos or spiti) with the
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Figure 3: Family. The underlined wo
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they live in separate locations in
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Figure 5. Part of a sketch-map of Z
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On several occasions the local peop
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longer played a significant part in
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heir he inherited everything whilst
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7501), amend the Law on restitution
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After the demise of communism all c
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we learn about the village’s plac
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Chapter Two CONTESTED HISTORIES [
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traces often reflect the ongoing hi
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Millets were led by the Orthodox pa
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the revolt that took place in the v
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Sievers suggests that in contempora
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A long time ago, about 300 B.C., th
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Rights Party (Partia Bashkimi për
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presented abstracts of their essays
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of the people living in Himarë/Him
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Regardless of the difference in the
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of the Balkan Peninsula” (2001: 1
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Winnifrith writes about the period
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Considering the names such as Lek,
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Therefore they stayed devoted to Al
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September when the Ottomans ceased
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Zamputi and Pulaha 1990: 399). A Br
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autonomous, he was disliked by the
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some glean detailed accounts of the
Page 140 and 141: from Vlorë and Delvina, above the
Page 142 and 143: another scholar who writes that the
Page 144 and 145: wouldn’t have any influence. Desp
Page 146 and 147: Spyro Spyromilos) as the liberator
Page 148 and 149: Italian and Greek interests led int
Page 150 and 151: Çami too, describes Spiro Koleka a
Page 152 and 153: the period of national movements th
Page 154 and 155: Moreover, Rusha continues that both
Page 156 and 157: The religious distinctions that wer
Page 158 and 159: Whereas the local authors comment o
Page 160 and 161: After 1943 when the Italian militar
Page 162 and 163: Besides Himarë/Himara area the Gre
Page 164 and 165: Rehabilitation Administration (UNRR
Page 166 and 167: But from the view of a particular l
Page 168 and 169: and contacts between people and pla
Page 170 and 171: The “underlying trope of movement
Page 172 and 173: map them, because they can do that
Page 174 and 175: her husband did not immigrate to Gr
Page 176 and 177: ealised what sort of poverty could
Page 178 and 179: very good to me and they have never
Page 180 and 181: collectivized or nationalized all p
Page 182 and 183: from the hills in the neighbourhood
Page 184 and 185: in economical and social sense, whi
Page 186 and 187: Figure 12: Paths and places from th
Page 188 and 189: Figure 14: Paths and places from th
Page 192 and 193: In one of her well-known works Puri
Page 194 and 195: and a night club. The majority of l
Page 196 and 197: seasonal workers in the spring. Sim
Page 198 and 199: Upon the arrival of young Dimitris,
Page 200 and 201: No, you are wrong! First comes Gram
Page 202 and 203: the spatial differentiation of the
Page 204 and 205: since ever”, even before the nati
Page 206 and 207: Anastas, whose parents originate fr
Page 208 and 209: We really enjoy our visits to the v
Page 210 and 211: Dirt and rubbish have history. As i
Page 212 and 213: Together they define the meaning of
Page 214 and 215: CONCLUSION Complexity is intrinsic
Page 216 and 217: with their movements, story-telling
Page 218 and 219: Silent Stories of Communism Histori
Page 220 and 221: inevitable or predefined, as some a
Page 222 and 223: manipulate ideological divisions of
Page 224 and 225: Appendix 2 Himarë/Himara municipal
Page 226 and 227: Appendix 4 Number of Population in
Page 228 and 229: No. of the population in Vuno and I
Page 230 and 231: Appendix 5 LAW no. 7501, dated July
Page 232 and 233: Article 9 The Cadastral Office in e
Page 234 and 235: Article 21 Agencies of local govern
Page 236 and 237: Article 26 Law no. 5686, dated Feb.
Page 238 and 239: BIBLIOGRAPHY Albanian coastal zone
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Cowan, Jane K. (1991). Going Out fo
Page 242 and 243:
Gjipali, Ilir (2004). Kërkime arke
Page 244 and 245:
Ingold, Tim (1996). Social Relation
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Lubonja, Fatos (2002). Between the
Page 248 and 249:
Rrapo, Aleko (2002): Historia e Him
Page 250 and 251:
Wagner, Roy (1991). The Fractal Per
Page 252 and 253:
ekonomske, družbene in politične
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prostora. Ko lokalni prebivalci, na
Page 256 and 257:
degradacije in erozije zemlje na te
Page 258 and 259:
Poglavje predstavi dela sodobnih zg
Page 260 and 261:
prebivalcev Albanije. Po padcu komu
Page 262 and 263:
Namesto krajev v Albaniji, pripoved
Page 264 and 265:
in redefinirajo identiteto, na teme
Page 266 and 267:
Naloga prikazuje, kako so pomeni po
Page 268 and 269:
Premakljivost in spremenljivost gre
Page 270 and 271:
Grčijo, Italijo in drugam, manjši
Page 272 and 273:
prepovedan. Obdobje komunizma je bi
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