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SUMMARY POVZETEK Sporni prostori in vzpostavljanje identitete v vasi Dhërmi/Drimades občine Himarë/Himara, južna Albanija V pričujoči doktorski disertaciji obravnavam nenehno in nestabilno rekonstrukcijo prostora ter kraja v vasi Dhërmi (uradno, albansko ime) ali Drimades (lokalno, grško ime), v občini Himarë/Himara v južni Albaniji. Delo temelji na enoletnem (od decembra 2004 do decembra 2005) etnografskem terenskem delu v omenjeni vasi. Vsebina naloge raziskuje procese rekonfiguracije in redefinicije pomenov, ki se nanašajo na vas ter njene prebivalce. Skozi biografije lokalnih prebivalcev, govorjene zgodbe o preteklosti vasi, retorične izjave in vsakdanji diskurz, raziskava prikaže, kako je pomen vasi in lokalnih prebivalcev rekonstruiran skozi njihova gibanja in stike z drugimi kraji in ljudmi. Eno izmed osrednjih vprašanj dane raziskave obravnava, kako ljudje skozi proces nenehnega potovanja, selitev in stikov z drugimi ljudmi in kraji poustvarjajo in reproducirajo pozicijo vasi, njihovo umeščenost v vas ter nenehno vzpostavljajo svojo identiteto. Že samo dvojno ime Dhërmi/Drimades razkrije prva dvoumja, ki prepletajo vaški prostor. Uradno, albansko ime Dhërmi je večinoma v rabi pri tistih prebivalcih in sezonskih delavcih, ki v vsakdanjem pogovoru pretežno uporabljajo albansko južno (tosk) ali severno (gek) narečje. Številni med njimi so se v vas preselili z drugih območij Albanije v obdobju komunizma (1945–1990) in še posebej po njegovem razpadu. V nasprotju z uradnim imenom pa je lokalno ime Drimades večinoma v rabi le v vsakdanjem pogovoru vaščanov, ki glede na njihove opredelitve “izvirajo” iz vasi. Slednji pretežno uporabljajo lokalno grško in deloma tudi južno albansko (tosk) narečje. Lokalni prebivalci, povratniki, izseljenci, priseljenci, sezonski delavci, zgodovinopisci, demografi, geografi, politiki in drugi pripisujejo vasi in nje prebivalcem različne pomene. Le-ti, so med seboj povezani in se skozi procese lokalne, regionalne ter nacionalne (družbene, politične in zgodovinske) konstrukcije in rekonstrukcije prostorov ter krajev neprestano spreminjajo. Zaradi tega procesi nenehne in nestabilne konstrukcije prostorov in krajev v vasi Dhërmi/Drimades predstavljajo temeljno izhodišče pričujoče disertacije. Tako danes, kot tudi v preteklih tisočletjih, so se na območju današnje občine Himarë/Himara vzpostavljale selitve in potovanja. Relativna erozivnost terena, pomanjkanje rodovitne zemlje, 251
Page 1:
UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Contents ABSTRACT 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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2.4.15. Communism (1945-1990) 163 2
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During my PhD trai
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NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION, PSEUDONYM
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Map of Albania (National Geographic
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Dhërmi/Drimades (Foto: Daniela /ra
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Therefore, it was definitely not co
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and Leake (1967) who were similarly
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iron door situated in the middle of
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treated us warmly. “Days cannot b
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what to say. My roaming mind was fu
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INTRODUCTION I was led to the study
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Many people of Dhërmi/Drimades tra
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of production and the equally ratio
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processes and practices of place ma
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Duijzings 2002: 60, Green, 2005: 14
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Albanians or Vorioepirotes and Pont
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Southern Albania and Epirus in Gree
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Many scholars (Herzfeld 1991, Henry
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What I would like to propose is tha
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Himarë/Himara area (see Koçi 2006
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Vuno is the next village extending
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Annual Temperatures in Himarë/Hima
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About a century later the second ha
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mushroom-like bunkers were placed o
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eported 23 . At Zrimazes I spent a
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1.5.1. Shifting of the “Local”
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elderly who stayed behind. Those wh
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words that do not exist in Greek. A
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paid to the constructors for their
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different. When explaining these di
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“autochthonous” inhabitants, wh
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when the lessons stopped being held
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names of the official institutions
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were not allowed to perform any of
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1.7.3. Religion and Everyday Practi
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Several elderly women respect the f
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1.8. Population: Shifting Numbers U
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communism when they lived in places
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the Albanian statistics took into a
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household (ikos or spiti) with the
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Figure 3: Family. The underlined wo
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they live in separate locations in
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Figure 5. Part of a sketch-map of Z
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On several occasions the local peop
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longer played a significant part in
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heir he inherited everything whilst
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7501), amend the Law on restitution
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After the demise of communism all c
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we learn about the village’s plac
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Chapter Two CONTESTED HISTORIES [
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traces often reflect the ongoing hi
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Millets were led by the Orthodox pa
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the revolt that took place in the v
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Sievers suggests that in contempora
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A long time ago, about 300 B.C., th
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Rights Party (Partia Bashkimi për
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presented abstracts of their essays
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of the people living in Himarë/Him
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Regardless of the difference in the
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of the Balkan Peninsula” (2001: 1
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Winnifrith writes about the period
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Considering the names such as Lek,
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Therefore they stayed devoted to Al
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September when the Ottomans ceased
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Zamputi and Pulaha 1990: 399). A Br
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autonomous, he was disliked by the
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some glean detailed accounts of the
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from Vlorë and Delvina, above the
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another scholar who writes that the
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wouldn’t have any influence. Desp
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Spyro Spyromilos) as the liberator
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Italian and Greek interests led int
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Çami too, describes Spiro Koleka a
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the period of national movements th
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Moreover, Rusha continues that both
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The religious distinctions that wer
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Whereas the local authors comment o
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After 1943 when the Italian militar
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Besides Himarë/Himara area the Gre
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Rehabilitation Administration (UNRR
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But from the view of a particular l
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and contacts between people and pla
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The “underlying trope of movement
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map them, because they can do that
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her husband did not immigrate to Gr
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ealised what sort of poverty could
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very good to me and they have never
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collectivized or nationalized all p
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from the hills in the neighbourhood
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in economical and social sense, whi
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Figure 12: Paths and places from th
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Figure 14: Paths and places from th
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This constant reconstruction is tro
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In one of her well-known works Puri
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and a night club. The majority of l
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seasonal workers in the spring. Sim
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Upon the arrival of young Dimitris,
Page 200 and 201: No, you are wrong! First comes Gram
Page 202 and 203: the spatial differentiation of the
Page 204 and 205: since ever”, even before the nati
Page 206 and 207: Anastas, whose parents originate fr
Page 208 and 209: We really enjoy our visits to the v
Page 210 and 211: Dirt and rubbish have history. As i
Page 212 and 213: Together they define the meaning of
Page 214 and 215: CONCLUSION Complexity is intrinsic
Page 216 and 217: with their movements, story-telling
Page 218 and 219: Silent Stories of Communism Histori
Page 220 and 221: inevitable or predefined, as some a
Page 222 and 223: manipulate ideological divisions of
Page 224 and 225: Appendix 2 Himarë/Himara municipal
Page 226 and 227: Appendix 4 Number of Population in
Page 228 and 229: No. of the population in Vuno and I
Page 230 and 231: Appendix 5 LAW no. 7501, dated July
Page 232 and 233: Article 9 The Cadastral Office in e
Page 234 and 235: Article 21 Agencies of local govern
Page 236 and 237: Article 26 Law no. 5686, dated Feb.
Page 238 and 239: BIBLIOGRAPHY Albanian coastal zone
Page 240 and 241: Cowan, Jane K. (1991). Going Out fo
Page 242 and 243: Gjipali, Ilir (2004). Kërkime arke
Page 244 and 245: Ingold, Tim (1996). Social Relation
Page 246 and 247: Lubonja, Fatos (2002). Between the
Page 248 and 249: Rrapo, Aleko (2002): Historia e Him
Page 252 and 253: ekonomske, družbene in politične
Page 254 and 255: prostora. Ko lokalni prebivalci, na
Page 256 and 257: degradacije in erozije zemlje na te
Page 258 and 259: Poglavje predstavi dela sodobnih zg
Page 260 and 261: prebivalcev Albanije. Po padcu komu
Page 262 and 263: Namesto krajev v Albaniji, pripoved
Page 264 and 265: in redefinirajo identiteto, na teme
Page 266 and 267: Naloga prikazuje, kako so pomeni po
Page 268 and 269: Premakljivost in spremenljivost gre
Page 270 and 271: Grčijo, Italijo in drugam, manjši
Page 272 and 273: prepovedan. Obdobje komunizma je bi
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