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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During my PhD training I had the honour and pleasure of working with a number of extraordinary people and institutions. I am grateful to be able to thank them here explicitly. Most crucial of course were and still are the people of Dhërmi/Drimades, who allowed me to enter their village life. Special gratitude extends to all of the people of the central hamlet of Dhërmi/Drimades for giving me so much of their time, sharing their stories, friendship and shelter. Here I would like to acknowledge the family of Thoma Kumi, who welcomed me wholeheartedly in the very first days of my settlement in the village. I also thank Niko and Boula Beli and other members of Belei soi/fis, especially Amalia, today married as Konomi, who introduced me to many relatives who live in the village and showed me the majority of the chapels in the village and surrounding mountains. I am grateful to Enea Kumi for his help with translations and all the explanations to my endless queries. I am bound to the family of Aristridi Iliadhi, of Marko Gjikopuli, to Lefter and Elsa Kumi, Foto and Katerena Bixhili, Kozma Papasava, Petro Dhima, Katina Çula, Doksia and her daughters, Athina, family Lavdoshi and many others whose names will stay unmentioned here. My appreciations extend to the villagers of Palasa where I conducted a part of my research. Soia/fise Verei, Niklei, Milei and Babei deserve a special mention here. I am indebted to my interpreter Juliana Vera who patiently helped me to understand, both local Greek dialect as well as Albanian language. She, her sisters and father always welcomed me in their home. Similarly, Nevila Kocollari Furhxiu and her family deserve a special mention here. They introduced me to the field and helped me whenever I needed them. Although I left too many stories untold, I hope that these generous people will recognise themselves in this text, and that my work will contribute to our future relationship and further discussions. Faliminderit shumë/Euharisto para poli! Fundamental for this project was a two-year funding from the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport which enabled me to do the research in the villages of Himarë/Himara area. I am deeply indebted to my supervisors Borut Telban, Duška Knežević Hočevar and Sarah Green. All of them patiently guided me throughout the writing of my thesis. Sarah Green was especially helpful with her comments on my observations from the field, which I was sending her while on fieldwork. Through her pedagogic touch and understanding she always found the way to present her comments on the first drafts of my thesis in a stimulating, constructive way. Borut’s critique and meticulosity made my argumentation stronger. And Duška always 8
found her time to listen to my sometimes very chaotic thoughts and helped me to spell them out and find the sense in them. I thank them all for their help, comments and suggestions. My warm appreciation goes to various other people who supplied me with anthropological literature, provided me with various data and shared their ideas. Here I thank: Margaritis Gjoka, Kristaq Jorgji, Enkeleida Tahiraj, Juli Vullnetari, Stephanie Schwandner Sievers, Gilles de Rapper and Konstandinos Tsitselikis. I am grateful to my colleagues Liza Debevec for her useful and practical advises and to Sarah Lunaček, Špela Kalčić and Tina Popovič who found their time and interest to listen to my thoughts and monologues. I thank the faculty’s secretary Teja Komel for all of her help and my brother Jani for his assistance in map-making. I wish to acknowledge the loving support of my parents and my sister and her family. Immense gratitude extends to my husband Jure Bon, to whom I owe my greatest debt. I thank him for his assistance, understanding, intellectual and emotional support throughout my longterm absences and writing seclusions. Last but not least I also thank my father in law, whose life path ended before he could see the final result of this research. Therefore I dedicate this thesis to the memory of Vinko. 9
Page 1: UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
Page 4 and 5: Contents ABSTRACT 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Page 6 and 7: 2.4.15. Communism (1945-1990) 163 2
Page 10 and 11: NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION, PSEUDONYM
Page 12 and 13: Map of Albania (National Geographic
Page 14 and 15: Dhërmi/Drimades (Foto: Daniela /ra
Page 16 and 17: Therefore, it was definitely not co
Page 18 and 19: and Leake (1967) who were similarly
Page 20 and 21: iron door situated in the middle of
Page 22 and 23: treated us warmly. “Days cannot b
Page 24 and 25: what to say. My roaming mind was fu
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION I was led to the study
Page 28 and 29: Many people of Dhërmi/Drimades tra
Page 30 and 31: of production and the equally ratio
Page 32 and 33: processes and practices of place ma
Page 34 and 35: Duijzings 2002: 60, Green, 2005: 14
Page 36 and 37: Albanians or Vorioepirotes and Pont
Page 38 and 39: Southern Albania and Epirus in Gree
Page 40 and 41: Many scholars (Herzfeld 1991, Henry
Page 42 and 43: What I would like to propose is tha
Page 44 and 45: Himarë/Himara area (see Koçi 2006
Page 46 and 47: Vuno is the next village extending
Page 48 and 49: Annual Temperatures in Himarë/Hima
Page 50 and 51: About a century later the second ha
Page 52 and 53: mushroom-like bunkers were placed o
Page 54 and 55: eported 23 . At Zrimazes I spent a
Page 56 and 57: 1.5.1. Shifting of the “Local”
Page 58 and 59:
elderly who stayed behind. Those wh
Page 60 and 61:
words that do not exist in Greek. A
Page 62 and 63:
paid to the constructors for their
Page 64 and 65:
different. When explaining these di
Page 66 and 67:
“autochthonous” inhabitants, wh
Page 68 and 69:
when the lessons stopped being held
Page 70 and 71:
names of the official institutions
Page 72 and 73:
were not allowed to perform any of
Page 74 and 75:
1.7.3. Religion and Everyday Practi
Page 76 and 77:
Several elderly women respect the f
Page 78 and 79:
1.8. Population: Shifting Numbers U
Page 80 and 81:
communism when they lived in places
Page 82 and 83:
the Albanian statistics took into a
Page 84 and 85:
household (ikos or spiti) with the
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 3: Family. The underlined wo
Page 88 and 89:
they live in separate locations in
Page 90 and 91:
Figure 5. Part of a sketch-map of Z
Page 92 and 93:
On several occasions the local peop
Page 94 and 95:
longer played a significant part in
Page 96 and 97:
heir he inherited everything whilst
Page 98 and 99:
7501), amend the Law on restitution
Page 100 and 101:
After the demise of communism all c
Page 102 and 103:
we learn about the village’s plac
Page 104 and 105:
Chapter Two CONTESTED HISTORIES [
Page 106 and 107:
traces often reflect the ongoing hi
Page 108 and 109:
Millets were led by the Orthodox pa
Page 110 and 111:
the revolt that took place in the v
Page 112 and 113:
Sievers suggests that in contempora
Page 114 and 115:
A long time ago, about 300 B.C., th
Page 116 and 117:
Rights Party (Partia Bashkimi për
Page 118 and 119:
presented abstracts of their essays
Page 120 and 121:
of the people living in Himarë/Him
Page 122 and 123:
Regardless of the difference in the
Page 124 and 125:
of the Balkan Peninsula” (2001: 1
Page 126 and 127:
Winnifrith writes about the period
Page 128 and 129:
Considering the names such as Lek,
Page 130 and 131:
Therefore they stayed devoted to Al
Page 132 and 133:
September when the Ottomans ceased
Page 134 and 135:
Zamputi and Pulaha 1990: 399). A Br
Page 136 and 137:
autonomous, he was disliked by the
Page 138 and 139:
some glean detailed accounts of the
Page 140 and 141:
from Vlorë and Delvina, above the
Page 142 and 143:
another scholar who writes that the
Page 144 and 145:
wouldn’t have any influence. Desp
Page 146 and 147:
Spyro Spyromilos) as the liberator
Page 148 and 149:
Italian and Greek interests led int
Page 150 and 151:
Çami too, describes Spiro Koleka a
Page 152 and 153:
the period of national movements th
Page 154 and 155:
Moreover, Rusha continues that both
Page 156 and 157:
The religious distinctions that wer
Page 158 and 159:
Whereas the local authors comment o
Page 160 and 161:
After 1943 when the Italian militar
Page 162 and 163:
Besides Himarë/Himara area the Gre
Page 164 and 165:
Rehabilitation Administration (UNRR
Page 166 and 167:
But from the view of a particular l
Page 168 and 169:
and contacts between people and pla
Page 170 and 171:
The “underlying trope of movement
Page 172 and 173:
map them, because they can do that
Page 174 and 175:
her husband did not immigrate to Gr
Page 176 and 177:
ealised what sort of poverty could
Page 178 and 179:
very good to me and they have never
Page 180 and 181:
collectivized or nationalized all p
Page 182 and 183:
from the hills in the neighbourhood
Page 184 and 185:
in economical and social sense, whi
Page 186 and 187:
Figure 12: Paths and places from th
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 14: Paths and places from th
Page 190 and 191:
This constant reconstruction is tro
Page 192 and 193:
In one of her well-known works Puri
Page 194 and 195:
and a night club. The majority of l
Page 196 and 197:
seasonal workers in the spring. Sim
Page 198 and 199:
Upon the arrival of young Dimitris,
Page 200 and 201:
No, you are wrong! First comes Gram
Page 202 and 203:
the spatial differentiation of the
Page 204 and 205:
since ever”, even before the nati
Page 206 and 207:
Anastas, whose parents originate fr
Page 208 and 209:
We really enjoy our visits to the v
Page 210 and 211:
Dirt and rubbish have history. As i
Page 212 and 213:
Together they define the meaning of
Page 214 and 215:
CONCLUSION Complexity is intrinsic
Page 216 and 217:
with their movements, story-telling
Page 218 and 219:
Silent Stories of Communism Histori
Page 220 and 221:
inevitable or predefined, as some a
Page 222 and 223:
manipulate ideological divisions of
Page 224 and 225:
Appendix 2 Himarë/Himara municipal
Page 226 and 227:
Appendix 4 Number of Population in
Page 228 and 229:
No. of the population in Vuno and I
Page 230 and 231:
Appendix 5 LAW no. 7501, dated July
Page 232 and 233:
Article 9 The Cadastral Office in e
Page 234 and 235:
Article 21 Agencies of local govern
Page 236 and 237:
Article 26 Law no. 5686, dated Feb.
Page 238 and 239:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Albanian coastal zone
Page 240 and 241:
Cowan, Jane K. (1991). Going Out fo
Page 242 and 243:
Gjipali, Ilir (2004). Kërkime arke
Page 244 and 245:
Ingold, Tim (1996). Social Relation
Page 246 and 247:
Lubonja, Fatos (2002). Between the
Page 248 and 249:
Rrapo, Aleko (2002): Historia e Him
Page 250 and 251:
Wagner, Roy (1991). The Fractal Per
Page 252 and 253:
ekonomske, družbene in politične
Page 254 and 255:
prostora. Ko lokalni prebivalci, na
Page 256 and 257:
degradacije in erozije zemlje na te
Page 258 and 259:
Poglavje predstavi dela sodobnih zg
Page 260 and 261:
prebivalcev Albanije. Po padcu komu
Page 262 and 263:
Namesto krajev v Albaniji, pripoved
Page 264 and 265:
in redefinirajo identiteto, na teme
Page 266 and 267:
Naloga prikazuje, kako so pomeni po
Page 268 and 269:
Premakljivost in spremenljivost gre
Page 270 and 271:
Grčijo, Italijo in drugam, manjši
Page 272 and 273:
prepovedan. Obdobje komunizma je bi
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