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Table 4 Predicted isothermal parameters for Ni(II) and Mn(II) adsorption on loess soil Langmuir model Freundlich model D-R model Q (mg g -1 ) b (L mg -1 ) R 2 K F (mg g -1 ) n R 2 q m (mg g -1 ) K (mol 2 kJ -2 ) E (kJ mol -1 ) Ni(II) 13.84 0.037 0.944 1.00 1.91 0.973 39.07 0.005 -9.84 0.987 Mn(II) 7.65 0.022 0.950 0.53 2.03 0.964 19.68 0.006 -9.53 0.973 The monolayer adsorption capacity of loess soil for Ni(II) and Mn(II) estimated by the Langmuir model was 13.84 and 7.65 mg g -1 respectively. The Freundlich constant n for Ni(II) and Mn(II) was 1.91 and 2.03 respectively, greater than unity, indicating some degree of heterogeneity of adsorption system. The q m predicted with the D-R model was 39.07 and 19.68 mg g -1 for Ni(II) and Mn(II) respectively, larger than the adsorption capacity Q obtained from the Langmuir model. Because the D-R model describes an ideal state which is almost impossible to realize. The adsorption energy for Ni(II) and Mn(II) adsorption was estimated to be -9.84 and -9.53 kJ mol -1 , respectively. The absolute values of the adsorption energy |E| all lied within 8-16 kJ mol -1 , implying an ion exchange mechanism. Desorption of Heavy Metals from Loess Figure 8 shows the variation of adsorption amount (C s ) of Ni(II) and Mn(II) on loess at different concentration (C NTA ) of NTA. The initial amount of Ni(II) and Mn(II) on loess was 13.68 and 4.48 mg g -1 respectively. Both amount of the heavy metals decreased with increasing the concentration of NTA, indicating that NTA contributed to desorption of heavy metals from loess soil. The variation of desorption efficiencies (R de ) of Ni(II) and Mn(II) from loess at different C NTA is shown in Figure 9. In general, both R de increased with increasing C NTA . The desorption ratio of Ni(II) increased to 63 % at C NTA =4 mmol L -1 , and then had a slight decrease at C NTA =5 mmol L -1 . While, the maximum desorption ratio of Mn(II) was 92 % at C NTA =5 mmol L -1 , much more than that of Ni(II). As can be seen from the result, the initial amount of heavy metal loaded on loess had effect on the desorption efficiency. The maximum desorption ratio of Mn(II) was greater than that of Ni(II), but the initial amount of Ni(II) was more than that of Mn(II). Therefore, heavy metal ions could be more easily desorbed from the loess soil loaded with less heavy metal. R 2 Figure 8 The amount of Ni(II) and Mn(II) on loess at different concentration of NTA Figure 9 Desorption efficiency of Ni(II) and Mn(II) from loess at different concentration of NTA CONCLUSIONS (1) The pseudo-second order kinetics fit the data of Ni(II) and Mn(II) adsorption on loess soil, and the adsorption rate of Mn(II) was faster than that of Ni(II). (2) The adsorption capacity of loess soil for Ni(II) and Mn(II) was 13.84 and 7.65 mg g -1 respectively. (3) The D-R model fit the isothermal data of Ni(II) and Mn(II) adsorption on loess soil best, and the main adsorption mechanism was ion exchange for both the heavy metals. (4) The maximum desorption ratio of Ni(II) and Mn(II) from loess soil was 63 % and 92% respectively, and heavy metal ions could be more easily desorbed from the loess soil loaded with less heavy metal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090101110075) and Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by -321-
Ministry of Education for their financial support of this study. REFERENCES Do, D. D. (1998). “Adsorption Analysis: Equilibrium and Kinetics”, Imperial College Press, London. Giles, C.H. and Smith, D.A. (1974). “A general treatment and classification of the solute sorption isotherms”, Theoretical. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 47, 755-765 Ho, Y. S. (2004). “Citation review of Lagergren kinetic rate equation on adsorption reactions”, Scientometrics, 59, 171-177. Ho, Y. S. and McKay, G. (1999). “Batch lead (II) removal from aqueous solution by peat: equilibrium and kinetics”, Process Safety and Environmental Protection B, 77, 165-173. Kadirvelu, K., Thamaraiselvi, K. and Namasivayam, C. (2001). “Adsorption of nickel(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from coirpith”, Separation and Purification Techenology, 24, 497-505. Kilislioglu, A. and Bilgin, B. (2003). “Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of uranium adsorption on amberlite IR-118H resin”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 58, 155-160. Li, Z. Z., Tang X.W., Chen Y.M. and Wang Y. (2009). “Sorption behavior and mechanism of Pb(II) on Chinese loess”, Journal of Environmental Engineering-ASCE, 135, 58-67. Özcan, A., Öncü, E. M. & Özcan, A. S. (2006). “Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto natural sepiolite”, Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 277, 90-97. Tang, X. W., Li, Z. Z. and Chen, Y. M. (2008a). “Behaviour and mechanism of Zn(II) adsorption on Chinese loess at dilute slurry concentrations”, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 83, 673-682. Tang, X. W., Li, Z. Z., Chen, Y. M. and Wang, Y. (2008b). “Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption on Chinese Quaternary loess: Kinetics and equilibrium studies”, Journal of Environmental Science Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 43, 779-791. Wang, Y., Tang, X.W., Chen, Y. M., Zhan, L.T., Li, Z.Z. and Tang, Q. (2009). “Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cd(II) on loess soil from China”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172, 30-37. -322-
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Proceedings of the 5th Cross-strait
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Chairman Jan-M
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Co-chairmen Yi
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设计大师金问鲁教授
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Scientific Commit
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J.T. Shi & L. Su Impact of Spatial
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Temperature Effect on Variation of
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Trace Analysis of Mechanical Respon
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Keynote Lectures
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图 1 海峡大桥三个路
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非主通航孔的跨径应
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The 5th Cross-strait Conference on
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图 3 空间结构按单元
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图 7 多面体空间框架
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图 14 内蒙古响沙湾沙
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5.3. MRF3 索穹顶 — 网壳
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图 29 杭州黄龙体育中
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(a) 鸟瞰图 (b) 计算模型
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As it is conventional, the displace
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⎡ n n ⎤ ⎢q 1 0( z− Li) q0(
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frequencies of interest and the tra
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Another phenomenon observed from Fi
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刚塑性平面应变极限
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采用数值极限分析法
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为了推测浅埋隧洞破
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鹤梁岩壁面上至今已
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图 6 黄庭坚题铭 “ 元
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图 16 巫山神女图 17 长
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五、历年来研究过的
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在会议结束前给我半
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图 31 院士建议文件的
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科所、重庆交通学院
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图 37 白鹤梁题刻中段
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图 46 上下游水平交通
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图 59 参观廊道安装在
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9.6. 白鹤梁水下博物
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(5) “ 无压容器 ” 水下
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-68-
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(a) 模型 I (b) 模型 II (c)
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(a) 水平接缝处螺钉松
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表 5 模型 I 在 9 度罕遇
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1.2. 大型钢结构设计
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5250 5000 i= 0.07 1 i= 0.07 5000 16
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A Pb Pa Pb A Pb Pa Pb Pa Pa ax Pb P
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(a) 预应力索布置 (b) 1/6
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图 23 150m×150m 周边简支
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图 27(a) 自重作用下结
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四、结语 150m×150m 空间
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通过上述技术创新平
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* θt r1cosθ r2cosθ2 = = (9) * 1
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圖 10 水平軌枕方向之
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圖 19 水平軌枕方向之
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向量 r r &r r 的變化率
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Experimental Program More than 60 l
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failure mode specimens, applying CF
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columns were reinforced with three
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e formed at the column base and the
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Acceleration (g) 1 0.5 0 -0.5 Simul
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Table 2 Mix Proportion of the PDCC
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observed between the formwork and c
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In the above example, the GFRP with
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构的加固修复 , 二是
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FRP 网格 FRP 筋和索 FRP 布
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(2) 钢筋 - 连续纤维复
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生退化。拉伸强度相
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图 16 两种纤维混杂增
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σ tf 混凝土构件粘结
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新型抗震结构的荷载
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的破坏过程也与柱 C-S
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拉索频率阶数也低于
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A m plitude (m m ) 6000 5000 4000 3
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产工艺进行探索性研
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Girders with Externally Prestressed
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concrete columns were documented by
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fatigue life of steel columns. Xiao
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Figure 11 Relationships between res
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20. Xiao, Y. and Wu, H. (2000). “
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phenomenon, however, cannot be cons
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ase rock; H j ( iω) , H k ( iω) a
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For the coherency loss function bet
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Numerical Results The earthquake-in
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REFERENCES Bi, K., Hao, H. and Ren,
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Figure 3 Idealised bonded joint mod
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A = 0 1 (6a) B1 = −δ f (6b) f si
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Table 1 Test and predicted flexural
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COMPARISON OF FLEXURAL DEBONDING MO
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Figure 2 Location of smart aggregat
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Figure 5 Experimental setup Figure
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Figure 15 Impact location on FRP wr
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REFERENCES Bhalla, S. and Soh, C.K.
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The RVE, occupying a geometrical do
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[ ut ] is the tangential vector if
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extended to the resolution of the n
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469.1m,f m =55%,f I =45% -50 Σ 3 -
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頭混凝土護蓋敲除 ,
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發生夾片咬合失敗 ,
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會因設計長度不足 ,
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面之反推分析可知 ,
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因此連擋土牆本身之
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⎛τ ⎞ av ⎛amax ⎞⎛σ ⎞ v
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地液化与否初步判别
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等 (2000) [15] 在试验中都
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五、结论剪切波速法
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钢混凝土相当于将型
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A g — 混凝土毛截面面
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5.1. 大连市体育馆钢
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土梁中设立直线预应
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混凝土板外侧 , 受力
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试验采用跨中两点对
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为了深入了解槽型钢
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笔者针对已有结合部
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面 , 浇注的混凝土和
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(c) 波形钢腹板工字型
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manner for statistical analysis, (i
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3.3.1 Software System for Instrumen
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spectrum is obtained in an approxim
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e carried out once per maintenance
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The monitoring work is composed of
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displacement influence lines and st
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efers to data processing and storag
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Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.
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Monitoring Category Bridge Features
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9 Combination of Above Divided Sect
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Back to Routine Monitoring Not Exce
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Tsing Yi Stonecutters Figure 5 Layo
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Continuous Data Acquisition GPS Tim
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Page 381 and 382: demonstrated that huge earthquake c
Page 385 and 386: 三、粮库室内地面沉
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表 3 c =0kPa 时不同的 δ
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的值比公式 (1) 的值小
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[1] 究等方面都有了新
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(3) 根据对隧道典型断
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水平收敛位移 (mm) 12.00
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THREE PROCEDURES FOR SCALING GROUND
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Peak displacement (m) 84, 50, 16 pe
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CONCLUSIONS Performance-based desig
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Figure 3 Physical diagrams of pile
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load-deflection curve at the pile h
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在此选取 Kondner [10] 及 Go
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及附加内力的简单方
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The dual is min * w, b, ξξ , s.t
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Table 1 The results of example 1 Re
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P P P P P P P P P P P P 4 5 4 A 2 4
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Figure 2 is a photograph of the int
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SHAKING TABLE TEST PROGRAM System i
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Force (N) 600 500 400 300 200 100 N
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Figure 9 Comparison of SAF-TMD and
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鋼線 , 近期更發展為
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三、吊橋基本資料表
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底端固定型式 □ 夾具
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4.2.3 吊橋扭轉行為之
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由式 (11)~(13) 可求得闭
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3.2 脉动风压时程结构
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4.2 主动控制力分析图
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egarded as a serviceability limit s
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observed that the measured values c
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_ Cumulative Frequency of Samples (
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三个项目基本概况对
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风作用下基底总 X 向 7
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主要技术指标对比表
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六、上部结构材料用
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m 2 , 三个项目采用混
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STADIUM ROOF BRIEF Jaber Al-Ahmad I
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a) 1st modal shape Figure.7 Modal s
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1) 所需的机具设备少
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6.1. 挠度选取典型加
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七、结论通过上述研
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where c = cope length,D = beam dept
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A post-ultimate stiffness of 200 MP
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Table 3 Summary of the variables of
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Effects of Web Slenderness (d/t w )
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REFERENCES ABAQUS/Standard User’s
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规程 [7]。文献 [2]、[3]
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为探究球节点壁厚对
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[4] 王星 , 董石麟 , 完海
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一、前言鋼纜為斜張
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圖 1 愛蘭矮塔斜張橋
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態頻率後 , 由圖 6 可清
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素連接 , 假設兩構件
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图 3 半片梁的有限元
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加固前的钢筋混凝土
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and a corresponding shear strain of
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对温度变化效应进行
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典型节点 : 在钢结构
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钢结构第一阶振型为
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(a) 上支座节点 (b) 下支
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上部屋面钢结构下部
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验算 4、6 号线重力荷
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采用 SAP2000, 对各种截
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高屏溪引橋共包含五
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表 3 由高屏溪斜張橋
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圖 7 垂直撓曲第一振
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表 7 在 P2 橋墩不同沖
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