r - The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Financial support for this work was provided by PEER Lifelines project No. 2G02, which is sponsored by the Pacific
Earthquake Engineering Research Center’s Program of Applied Earthquake Engineering Research of Lifeline Systems.
The PEER Lifelines program, in turn, is supported by the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development
Commission and the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. This work made use of Earthquake Engineering Research
Center’s Shared Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. EEC-9701568. In addition,
the support of the California Department of Transportation’s PEARL program is acknowledged.
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