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3. From the Calculations menu, point to Extended<br />

Huckel and select Calculate Surfaces.<br />

To view the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital<br />

(HOMO):<br />

4. From the Surfaces menu, point to Choose<br />

Surface, and select Molecular Orbital.<br />

5. From the Surfaces menu, point to Molecular<br />

Orbital to see the HOMO/LUMO options.<br />

Select HOMO (N=6).<br />

The pi bonding orbital surface appears.<br />

To view the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital<br />

(LUMO):<br />

1. From the Surfaces menu, point to Molecular<br />

Orbital to see the HOMO/LUMO options.<br />

Select LUMO (N=7).<br />

The pi antibonding orbital surface appears.<br />

NOTE: You may need to rotate the molecule to view<br />

the orbitals.<br />

These are only two of twelve different orbitals<br />

available. The other ten orbitals represent various<br />

interactions of sigma orbitals. Only the pi orbitals<br />

are involved in the HOMO and the LUMO.<br />

Because the HOMO and LUMO control the<br />

reactivity of a molecule, you can conclude that it is<br />

the pi bonding interactions of ethene that control<br />

its reactivity. This is a specific case of a more<br />

general rule: pi bonds are more reactive than sigma<br />

bonds.<br />

Tutorial 9: Mapping<br />

Properties onto<br />

Surfaces<br />

NOTE: This example is designed to demonstrate Gaussian<br />

minimization. You can also do it using CS MOPAC or<br />

Extended Hückel calculations.<br />

<strong>ChemOffice</strong> 2005/Chem3D Chem3D Tutorials • 45<br />

Tutorial 9: Mapping Properties onto Surfaces

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