the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 93<br />
on fully automated reactors, have produced <strong>the</strong> following measurements:<br />
E mg = 871 BTU/cf,<br />
(4.22a)<br />
E heat = 326 BTU/cf,<br />
E electr = 100 W/cf = 342 BTU/cf,<br />
(4.22b)<br />
(4.22c)<br />
resulting in <strong>the</strong> following commercial over-unity of automatic reactors recycling<br />
antifreeze <strong>with</strong> about 50 kW and at atmospheric pressure:<br />
871 BTU/cf + 326 BTU/cf<br />
342 BTU/cf<br />
= 3.5. (4.23)<br />
When ordinary tap water is used in <strong>the</strong> reactors, various measurements have<br />
established a commercial over-unity of about 2.78.<br />
It should be indicated that <strong>the</strong> commercial over-unity of <strong>the</strong> hadronic reactors<br />
increases nonlinearly <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> increase of <strong>the</strong> kiloWatts, pressure and temperature.<br />
Hadronic reactors <strong>with</strong> 250 kW are under construction <strong>for</strong> operation at<br />
250 psi and 400 ◦ F. The latter reactors have a commercial over-unity considerably<br />
bigger than (4.23).<br />
The origin of <strong>the</strong> commercial over-unity (4.23) is quite intriguing and not<br />
completely known at this writing. In fact, conventional chemical <strong>structure</strong>s and<br />
reactions have been studied by Aringazin and Santilli [9] and shown not to be<br />
sufficient <strong>for</strong> a quantitative explanation, thus requiring a <strong>new</strong> chemistry.<br />
Following Aringazin and Santilli [9], our first task is to compute <strong>the</strong> electric<br />
energy needed to create one cubic foot of plasma in <strong>the</strong> PlasmaArcFlow reactors<br />
as predicted by conventional quantum chemistry. Only after identifying <strong>the</strong> deviations<br />
of <strong>the</strong> experimental data from <strong>the</strong>se predictions, <strong>the</strong> need <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> covering<br />
hadronic chemistry can be properly appraised.<br />
For <strong>the</strong>se objectives we make <strong>the</strong> following assumptions. First, we consider<br />
PlasmaArcFlow reactor processing distilled water <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> DC arc occurring between<br />
a consumable pure graphite cathode and a non-consumable tungsten anode.<br />
As indicated earlier, said reactors yield a commercial over-unity also when used<br />
<strong>with</strong> pure water. There<strong>for</strong>e, quantum chemical predictions can be more effective<br />
studied in this setting <strong>with</strong>out un-necessary ambiguities. We also assume<br />
that water and <strong>the</strong> solid graphite rod are initially at 300 ◦ K and that <strong>the</strong> plasma<br />
created by <strong>the</strong> DC electric arc is at 3,300 ◦ K.<br />
The electric energy needed to create one cubic foot of plasma must per<strong>for</strong>m<br />
<strong>the</strong> following transitions (see Appendix B <strong>for</strong> basic units and <strong>the</strong>ir conversions):