the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research
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HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND CHEMISTRY<br />
xiii<br />
conditions, and vice versa. It <strong>the</strong>n follows that <strong>the</strong> irreversibility of processes in<br />
our visual environment, ra<strong>the</strong>r than ”disappearing” as desired by academic politics,<br />
originates instead at <strong>the</strong> most elementary level of nature, thus mandating<br />
an irreversible generalization of Einsteinian <strong>the</strong>ories and quantum mechanics.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r widespread belief is that, since nuclear power plants work well when<br />
built according to <strong>the</strong> laws of quantum mechanics, <strong>the</strong> latter holds <strong>for</strong> all possible<br />
nuclear energies, including <strong>the</strong> controlled fusion. Un<strong>for</strong>tunately <strong>for</strong> mankind, this<br />
view does not take into consideration <strong>the</strong> structural differences between fission<br />
used in nuclear power plants and fusion used in <strong>new</strong> nuclear elegies such as<br />
<strong>the</strong> ”cold” and ”hot” fusion. In fact, <strong>the</strong> fission process is well described by<br />
quantum mechanics because reducible to <strong>the</strong> description of fission debris in pointlike<br />
approximation. By contrast, <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> case of <strong>the</strong> fusion of two nuclei into<br />
a third, quantum mechanics does indeed admit a probability <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> process<br />
N 1 + N 2 → N 3 + energy, but <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory also predict a finite probability of <strong>the</strong><br />
spontaneous disintegration of <strong>the</strong> third nucleus into <strong>the</strong> original two, N 3 → N 1 +<br />
N 2 , that is clear nonscientific nonsense. There is no need to do calculations<br />
because <strong>the</strong> probability amplitude is independent of time and, thus, valid <strong>for</strong><br />
both reactions.<br />
We reach in this way again <strong>the</strong> need to develop and verify experimentally a<br />
structural generalization of quantum mechanics as a necessary premise <strong>for</strong> serious<br />
studies on <strong>the</strong> controlled nuclear fusion. After all, <strong>the</strong> failure of both <strong>the</strong> ”cold”<br />
and <strong>the</strong> ”hot” fusions to achieve any industrially relevant result over a long period<br />
of time and large investments may be due precisely to <strong>the</strong> use of quantum<br />
mechanics,<br />
The threat to mankind caused by quantum chemistry is more insidious of<br />
<strong>the</strong> preceding ones because, following unquestionable scientific and industrial advances<br />
achieved during <strong>the</strong> past century, quantum chemistry is generally assumed<br />
to be universally valid, as a consequence of which all studies on <strong>new</strong> energies and<br />
<strong>fuels</strong> are restricted to verify said discipline.<br />
In reality, quantum chemistry too has clear limitations that need to be identified<br />
and resolved as a necessary premise <strong>for</strong> serious studies on <strong>new</strong> energies and<br />
<strong>fuels</strong>. For instance, since <strong>the</strong> time of his Ph. D. studies, <strong>the</strong> author has always<br />
considered <strong>the</strong> chemical notion of valence as being a mere ”nomenclature” <strong>with</strong>out<br />
a quantitative scientific content because, to achieve such a content, <strong>the</strong> notion<br />
of valence should: 1) Identify explicitly <strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>ce between two electrons in a valence<br />
pair; 2) Prove that such a <strong>for</strong>ce is attractive; and 3) Show that said <strong>for</strong>ce