the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

34 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI
a constant external magnetic field, the paramagnetic metal acquires a permanent
magnetic field that can only be destroyed at a sufficiently high temperature
varying from metal to metal and called the Curie Temperature.
The mechanism of the above magnetization is well known. In its natural unperturbed
state, the peripheral atomic electrons of a paramagnetic metal have
a space distribution that results in the lack of a total magnetic field. However,
when exposed to an external magnetic field, the orbits of one or more unpaired
electrons are polarized into a toroidal shape with end polarities opposite to those
of the external field.
This mechanism is called magnetic induction, and results in a stable chain of
magnetically polarized orbits from the beginning of the metal to its end with polarities
North-South/North-South/North-South/. . . . This chain of polarizations
is so stable that it can only be destroyed by high temperatures.
The creation of magnecules can be essentially understood with a similar polarization
of the peripheral electron orbits, with the main differences that: no
total magnetic polarization is necessary; the polarization generally apply to all
electrons, and not necessarily to unpaired electrons only; and the substance need
not to be paramagnetic.
To illustrate these differences, consider a diamagnetic substance, such as the
hydrogen at its gaseous state at ordinary pressure and temperature. As well
known, the hydrogen molecule is then a perfect sphere whose radius is equal to
the diameter of a hydrogen atom, as illustrated in Fig. 9.A. The creation of the
needed magnetic polarization requires the use of external magnetic fields capable,
first, to remove the rotation of the atoms, as illustrated in Fig. 9.B, and then the
removal of the internal rotations of the same, resulting in a planar configuration
of the orbits as illustrated in Fig. 9.C.
Once the above polarization is created in two or more hydrogen molecules sufficiently
near each other, they attract each other via opposite magnetic polarities,
resulting in the elementary magnecules of Fig. 10. Additional elementary magnecules
can then also bond to each other, resulting in clusters with a number of
constituents depending on the conditions considered.
A most efficient industrial production of gas and liquid magnecules is that via
the PlasmaArcFlow Reactors [5]. As we shall see via the experimental evidence
presented below, said reactors can produce an essentially pure population of
gas and liquid magnecules without appreciable percentages of molecules directly
detectable in the GC- or LC-MS.