the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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72 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI macroscopic percentage all the way to 1, 000 a.m.u., which peaks remain individually unidentified by the MS computer after scanning all known molecules. By comparison, quantum chemistry predicts that the heaviest molecule in a light gas such as magnegas should only have 44 a.m.u., while offering no explanation whatever, not even remote or indirect on the existence of detectable teaks all the way to 1, 000 a.m.u. The above differences are so drastic to provide clear experimental evidence on the fact that the magnegas structure is characterized by a new chemical species not predicted or considered by quantum chemistry until now. Besides the inability to identify the clusters composing magnegas via the computer search among all known molecules, the chemical structure of magnegas is equally unidentifiable via InfraRed Detectors (IRD), because the new peaks composing magnegas have no IR signature at all, thus establishing the presence of bonds of non-valence type (because these large clusters cannot possibly be all symmetric). Moreover, the IR signature of conventional molecules such as CO results in being mutated (in the language of hadronic mechanics) with the appearance of new peaks, which evidently indicate new internal bonds in conventional molecules. In addition to all the above, dramatic differences between the prediction of quantum chemistry and reality exist for the energy content of magnegas. For instance, when produced with PlasmaArcFlow Reactors operating an electric arc between at least one consumable electrode within pure water, quantum chemistry predicts that magnegas should be a mixture of 50% H 2 and 50% CO, with traces of O 2 and CO 2 . This prediction is dramatically disproved by the fact that both the CO and the CO 2 peaks do not appear in the MS scan in the predicted percentages, while they appear in the IR scan although in a mutated form. Moreover, quantum chemistry predicts that the indicated composition consisting of 50% H 2 and 50% CO should have an energy content of about 315 BTU/cf, namely, an energy content insufficient to cut metal. This prediction is also disproved by the experimental evidence that magnegas cuts metal at least 50% faster than acetylene (which has 2,300 BTU/cf). Such a performance in metal cutting is more indicative of a plasma cutting feature, such as the metal cutting via a plasma of ionized hydrogen atoms which recombine into H 2 when cooling in the metal surface, thus releasing the energy needed for metal cutting. The problem is that magnegas is at room temperature
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 73 when used for metal cutting, and it is subjected to ordinary combustion, thus requiring basically new approaches for its correct interpretation. Nevertheless, the plasma cutting feature is indicative of the presence of isolated atoms and dimers in the magnegas structure which recombine under combustion, thus yielding a behavior and a performance similar to that of plasma cutters. In fact, as also shown later on, GC-MS scans have indicated the presence in the anomalous peaks of individual atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon evidently in addition to individual molecules. To conclude, the composition of magnegas in H, C and O atoms can be easily identified from the liquid used in the reactors. For instance, when magnegas is produced from water, it is composed of 50% H, 25% O, and 25% C, with corresponding percentages for other liquids such as antifreeze, crude oil, etc. However, all attempts to reduce the chemical composition of magnegas to conventional molecules conducted by the author as well as independent chemists, have been disproved by a variety of experimental evidence. In particular, any belief that magnegas is entirely composed by ordinary molecules, such as H 2 and CO, is disproved by experimental evidence via GC-MS and IRD detectors. The only possible scientific conclusion at this writing is that magnegas is composed of a new chemical species studied below. 4.4 GC-MS/IRD Measurements of Magnegas at the McClellan Air Force Base Santilli [1] had predicted that gases produced from underwater electric arcs had the new chemical structure of magnecules as clusters of molecules, dimers and individual atoms as per Definition, in which case conventional chemical structure is valid only in first approximation. Following a laborious search, Santilli [loc. cit.] located a GC-MS equipped with IRD suitable to measure magnecules at the McClellan Air Force Base in North Highland, near Sacramento, California. Thanks to the invaluable assistance and financial support by Toups Technologies Licensing, Inc., of Largo, Florida, GC-MS/IRD measurements were authorized at that facility on magnegas with conventional chemical structure (8.20). On June 19, 1998, Santilli visited the analytic laboratory of National Technical Systems (NTS) located at said McClellan Air Force Base and using instruments belonging to that base. The measurements on magnegas were conducted by
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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
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Contents Preface 1 THE INCREASINGLY
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HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
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190 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Ethereal
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192 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Isodual
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194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
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