the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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52 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI It should be stressed that the lack of verification of any one of the above conditions generally implies the impossibility to detect magnecules. For instance, the use of a feeding line with 0.5 mm ID is un-necessarily large for a conventional light gas, while it is necessary for a gas with magnecular structure such as magnegas. This is due to the unique adhesion of the magnecules against the walls of the feeding line, resulting in occluded lines which prevent the passage of the most important magnecules to be detected, those with large atomic weight. Similarly, it is customary for tests of conventional gases to use GC-MS with columns at high temperature to obtain readings in the shortest possible time, since conventional molecules are perfectly stable under the temperatures here considered. The use of such method would equally prevent the test of the very species to be detected, because, as indicated earlier, they have a characteristic Curie Temperature at which all magnetic features are lost. Magnecules are stable at ordinary temperatures and, consequently, they should be measured at ordinary temperatures. Along similar lines, recall that GC-MS with a short ramp time are generally used for rapidity of results. Again, the use of such a practice, which has been proven by extensive evidence to be effective for molecules, prevents clear detection of magnecules. If the ramp time is not of the order of 25 minutes, e.g., it is of the order of one minute, all the peaks of magnecules generally combine into one single large peak, as described below. In this case the analyst is generally lead to inspect an individual section of said large peak. However, in so doing, the analyst identifies conventional molecules constituting the magnecule, and not the magnecule itself. When these detectors with short ramp times are equipped with IRD, the latter identify the infrared signatures of individual conventional molecules constituting said large unique peak, and do not identify the possible IR signature of the single large peak itself. Therefore, a GC-MS with short ramp time is basically unsuited for the detection of magnecules because it cannot separate all existing species into individual peaks. In conclusion, the experimental evidence of the above occurrences establishes the need in the detection of gas magnecules of avoiding, rather than using, techniques and equipment with a proved efficiency for molecules, thus avoiding the use of GC-MS without IRD, with short ramp time, high column temperatures, microscopic feeding lines, and other techniques. On the contrary, new techniques specifically conceived for the detection of magnecules should be worked out.
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 53 The conditions for scientific measurements of liquid magnecules via LC- MS/UVD are more stringent than those for gases, because of the great increase, in general, of the atomic weight of liquid magnecules which are generally much larger than the IR of conventionally used feeding lines, as shown below. This implies the possible erroneous claim that magnecules do not exist because they are not detected by the LC-MS, while in reality the magnecule to be detected could not enter at all into the instrument. 3.4 Apparent Magnecular Structure of H 3 and O 3 As it is well known, chemistry has identified in GC-MS tests clusters with 3 a.m.u., which can only be constituted of three H atoms, H 3 , while the familiar ozone O 3 has been known since quite some time. These structures are generally assumed to be molecules, that is, to have a valence bond according to one nomenclature or another, although this author is aware of no in depth theoretical or experimental identification of the attractive force necessary to bond the third atom to a conventional molecule. There are serious doubts as to whether such a conventional molecular interpretation will resist the test of time as well as of scientific evidence. To begin, a fundamental property of valence bonds is that valence electrons correlate in pairs. Since the H 3 and O 3 structures contain the molecules H 2 and O 2 in which all available valence electrons are already bonded in pairs, the belief that an additional third valence electron could be correlated to the preceding ones violates basic chemical knowledge on valence. Moreover, we have stressed earlier that the assumption of a third valence electron bonded to a valence pair is in violation of basic physical knowledge, because it would require the bond of a Fermion (the third electron with spin 1/2) with a Boson (the singlet valence pair with spin 0) both possessing the same negative charge. Such a hypothetical bond under molecular conditions would violate various laws in particle physics, e.g., it would imply a necessary violation of Pauli-s exclusion principle since the assumed “triplet” of electrons would have two identical electrons in the same structure with the same energy. In view of the above (as well as other) inconsistencies, we here assume that the familiar H 3 and O 3 clusters are magnecules consisting of a third H and O atom magnetically bonded to the conventional H 2 and O 2 molecules, respectively, along the structure of Fig. 11.C. Note that this assumption is fully in line with
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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
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Contents Preface 1 THE INCREASINGLY
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HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
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190 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Ethereal
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192 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Isodual
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194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
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