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the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 101<br />

<strong>the</strong> valence bond under which no breaking of molecules is possible under increasing<br />

temperature and pressure, resulting in a constant number of constituents per<br />

mole.<br />

For over one century chemistry was restricted to <strong>the</strong> study of gases <strong>with</strong> molecular<br />

<strong>structure</strong> and Avogadro original conception was <strong>for</strong>gotten until resumed by<br />

<strong>the</strong> author <strong>with</strong> his gases <strong>with</strong> <strong>magnecular</strong> <strong>structure</strong> that verify all original intuition<br />

by Avogadro.<br />

4.11 Concluding Remarks<br />

The first important experimental evidence presented in this section is <strong>the</strong> independent<br />

certification of hadronic reactors of molecular type as being “commercially<br />

over-unity”, that is, <strong>the</strong> ratio between <strong>the</strong> total energy produced and <strong>the</strong><br />

electric energy needed <strong>for</strong> its production can be much bigger than one, Eq. (4.14).<br />

This occurrence establishes that said hadronic reactor are based on a a <strong>new</strong><br />

combustion of carbon realized via <strong>the</strong> electric arc, which combustion is much<br />

cleaner and more efficient than <strong>the</strong> combustion of carbon in a conventional furnace.<br />

In fact, <strong>the</strong> <strong>new</strong> combustion of carbon occurs in <strong>the</strong> plasma surrounding <strong>the</strong><br />

electric arc due to <strong>the</strong> presence of oxygen originating from <strong>the</strong> liquid feedstock.<br />

Ra<strong>the</strong>r than producing highly polluting exhaust, as <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> combustion of carbon<br />

in a furnace, <strong>the</strong> plasma combustion produced a clean burning fuel and heat<br />

<strong>with</strong>out pollution. Consequently, <strong>the</strong> plasma combustion of carbon is much more<br />

efficient than conventional combustion because pollutants in <strong>the</strong> exhaust are uncombusted<br />

fuel.<br />

The third experimental evidence presented in this section is that establishing<br />

<strong>the</strong> existence of <strong>the</strong> <strong>new</strong> chemical species of Santilli magnecules. More specifically,<br />

said experimental evidence, plus additional tests not reported here <strong>for</strong> brevity,<br />

confirm <strong>the</strong> following features of Definition:<br />

I) Magnecules have been detected in MS scans at high atomic weights where<br />

no molecules are expected <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> gas considered. In fact, <strong>the</strong> biggest molecule in<br />

macroscopic percentages of <strong>the</strong> magnegas tested, that produced from tap water<br />

<strong>with</strong> conventional chemical composition, is CO 2 <strong>with</strong> 44 a.m.u., while peaks in<br />

macroscopic percentages have been detected <strong>with</strong> ten times such an atomic weight<br />

and more.<br />

II) The MS peaks characterizing magnecules remain unidentified following a<br />

computer search among all known molecules. This feature has been independently<br />

verified <strong>for</strong> each of <strong>the</strong> sixteen peaks of Fig. 21, <strong>for</strong> all peaks of Figs. 27 and 28,

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