the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

106 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI
dramatically less oxygen depletion than that of hydrogen originating from reformation
or electrolysis, since none of the latter processes release oxygen in the
atmosphere.
B) Reduction of environmental pollution in hydrogen production.
Admittedly, the production of magnegas currently requires the use of commercially
available electricity that is polluting because of generally fossil origin. However,
PlasmaArcFlow Recyclers release no solid, liquid or gaseous contaminant
in the environment; the electric energy used by the arc is about 1/20-th the operating
energy (since the rest is given by a very clean carbon combustion via the
arc); and the efficiency of PlasmaArcFlow Recyclers can be up to twenty times
that of electrolysis. Consequently, the production of hydrogen from magnegas is
dramatically less polluting then conventional methods, with the understanding
that, when the new clean energies presented in Chapter 11 [26] achieve industrial
maturity, hydrogen production from magnegas will release zero environmental
pollutants.
C) Reduction of the threat to the ozone layer caused by hydrogen
seepage and leaks. Besides a basically new production method, a necessary
condition for hydrogen to be a really viable fuel for large scale use is that of
achieving a new magnecular form of hydrogen consisting of clusters sufficiently
large to avoid seepage, as well as to prevent that, in case of leaks, hydrogen quickly
rises to the ozone layer. This new species in studied in the next subsections.
D) Elimination of the need for liquefaction of hydrogen. This objective
is related to the preceding one. In fact, the achievement of a magnecular
form of hydrogen automatically implies an increase of the specific weight over
the standard value of 2.016 a.m.u. that, in turn, automatically implies the reduction
of container volumes, with consequential possibility of using hydrogen in
a compressed form without any need for its liquefaction. Note that, lacking such
heavier form, hydrogen has no realistic possibility of large scale use due to the
extreme costs and dangers of changes of state from liquid to gas.
E) Dramatic reduction of hydrogen cost. Magnegas produced in volumes
is cost competitive with respect to fossil fuels such as natural gas. Consequently,
the biggest contribution of the Magnegas Technology to the hydrogen industry
is the dramatic reduction of current hydrogen production costs down to values
compatible with fossil fuels costs, as shown in more details in the next subsection.
Additional advantages over conventional hydrogen are permitted by its
magnecular structure as shown below.