the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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62 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI When operated at atmospheric pressure, at 50 Kw power and at ambient temperature, the above commercial efficiency has a minimum value of about 5. However, the efficiency of Santilli’s hadronic reactors increases (nonlinearly) with the increase of pressure, power and operating temperature and can assume rather high value. For instance, when operating a PlasmaArcFlow Recycler at about 150 psi (10 bars), 300 Kw and 275 ◦ F (125 ◦ C), the commercial efficiency can be of the order of 30, that is, per each unit of electric energy used by the arc, the reactor produces 30 times that energy in a combination of energy contained in magnegas and usable heat. The above very high commercial efficiency of PlasmaArcFlow reactors illustrates the reason why magnegas is cost competitive with respect to all available fossil fuels. By comparison, one should note that, in other methods based on underwater arcs, the stationary character of the plasma within the arc implies the creation of large percentages of CO 2 resulting in a CO 2 content of the exhaust much greater than that of gasoline and natural gas, measured by the author to be of the order of 18%. The resulting fuel is then environmentally unacceptable since CO 2 is responsible for the green house effect. Recall that the primary source of the large glow created by underwater arcs is the recombination of H and O into H 2 O following its separation. This recombination is the reason for the low efficiency of underwater arcs and consequential lack of industrial development until recently. By comparison, the PlasmaArcFlow causes the removal of H and O from the arc immediately following their creation, thus preventing their recombination into H 2 O, with consequential dramatic increase of the efficiency, that is, of the volume of combustible gas produced per Kwh. A Ferrari 308 GTS, an SUV, two Honda and other automobiles have been converted by the author to operate on magnegas. One of these vehicles has been subjected to intensive tests at an EPA certified automotive laboratory in Long Island, New York reviewed in details in the next subsection, which tests have established that magnegas exhaust surpasses all EPA requirements without catalytic converter, and confirmed data (4.3). In addition to the production of magnegas as a fuel, the PlasmaArcFlow Reactors can be viewed as the most efficient means for producing a new form of hydrogen, called MagneHydrogen T M , a carbon-free version of magnegas, with
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 63 Figure 16. A picture of a Ferrari 308 GTSi 1980 and two Honda Civic cars converted by the author to operate with the new clean burning magnegas without catalytic converter, yet surpassing all EPA exhaust requirements, having no carcinogenic or other toxic substance in the exhaust, reducing of about 50% the CO 2 emission due to gasoline combustion, reducing the operating temperature of about 25%, and emitting in the exhaust 10% to 14% breathable oxygen (see website [5b] for details). energy content and output greater than the conventional hydrogen, and at a cost smaller than that of the latter (see next section).
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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
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Contents Preface 1 THE INCREASINGLY
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HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
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190 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Ethereal
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192 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Isodual
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194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
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the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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