the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

166 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI
Appendix A
Aringazin’s Studies on Toroidal Orbits of the Hydrogen
Atom under an External Magnetic Field
In the main text of this book we have presented the theoretical and experimental
foundations of the new chemical species of magnecules which is centrally
dependent on individual atoms acquiring a generally toroidal configuration of the
orbits of at least the peripheral electrons when exposed to sufficiently intense
external magnetic fields, as originally proposed by Santilli [1] and reviewed in the
main text of this book.
In this Appendix we outline the studies by Aringazin [8] on the Schrödinger
equation of the hydrogen atom under a strong, external, static and uniform magnetic
field which studies have confirmed the toroidal configuration of the electron
orbits so crucial for the existence of the new chemical species of magnecules.
It should be stressed that when considered at orbital distances (i.e., of the
order of 10 −8 cm), atoms and molecules near the electric arc of hadronic reactors
(Section 4), and in the plasma region, are exposed to a strong magnetic field,
whose intensity may be high enough to cause the needed magnetic polarization
(see Fig. 9.D).
A weak, external, static, and uniform magnetic field B causes an anomalous
Zeeman splitting of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom, with ignorably small
effects on the electron charge distribution. In the case of a more intense magnetic
field which is strong enough to cause decoupling of a spin-orbital interaction (in
atoms), eB/2mc > ∆E jj ′ ≃ 10 −3 eV, i.e., for B ≃ 10 5 Gauss, a normal Zeeman
effect is observed, again, with ignorably small deformation of the electron orbits.
More particularly, in the case of a weak external magnetic field B, one can
ignore the quadratic term in the field B because its contribution is small in
comparison with that of the other terms in Schrödinger equation, so that the
linear approximation in the field B can be used. In such a linear approximation,
the wave function of electron remains unperturbed, with the only effect being
the well known Zeeman splitting of the energy levels of the H atom. In both