the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

More documents

Recommendations

Info

xiv RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI verifies all experimental data. All these requirements are simply impossible for quantum chemistry because two identical electrons can only repel, and positively not attract each other according to quantum mechanics. Lacking a quantitative notion of valence, any study of truly new fuels has no serious chance of success, and this explains the need for studying volumes [22-26] for further advances on the new fuels presented in this book. The lack of a well identified attractive force between valence electron pairs has catastrophic consequences that also should be identified and resolved particularly for the development of new clean fuels. For instance, some of the author’s graduate student have shown that quantum chemistry cannot explain the preference in nature of molecules such as H 2 O, CO 2 , etc. since the conventional notion of valence also admits a finite probability for structures such as H 4 O 3 , C 2 O 4 , etc., technically due to the fact that the correlation between valence electrons is not rigidly restricted to hold only for electron pairs, thus admitting additional electrons even though with decreasing probability. The absence in quantum chemistry of a strong valence coupling restricted to an electron pair also carries additional inconsistencies, such as the prediction that all orbitals can be oriented under an external, sufficiently strong magnetic field, thus implying that all substances are paramagnetic in dramatic disagreement with nature, At any rate, a very serious limitations of quantum chemistry occurs for the description of energy releasing processes since, on one side, quantum chemistry is structurally reversible in time while, on the other side, all energy processes are irreversible. It has been shown that quantum chemistry predicts that, jointly with the known chemical reaction H 2 + O → H 2 O + 57Kcal/mole, the water molecule must admit the spontaneous decomposition into its original constituents, H 2 O → H 2 + O in violation of causality, thermodynamical and physical laws. Another most unreassuring aspect of contemporary chemistry is given by current analytic measurements and procedures that have been proved to be fully valid for conventional molecular species and, consequentially, are universally assumed as being valid for all possible chemical species existing in the universe, thus causing one of the biggest obstructions to much needed basic advances. This scenario is the ultimate reason for the lack of detection of the new chemical species of Santilli magnecules for over one century. For instance, current chemical analyses of gaseous substances are conducted with only one instrument, such as a Gas Chromatographer (GC) or a Mass Spectrometer (MS) or an InfraRed Detector (IRD), resulting in one single measure-
HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND CHEMISTRY xv ment without independent confirmation. This approach is fully valid for gases with the conventional molecular structure. However, when such an analytic procedure is pushed to the extreme of universal use, it prevents the possible detection of novelty. As we shall see in this volume, the new chemical species of Santilli magnecules is composed of stable clusters of atoms, radicals and ordinary molecules under a bond that is weaker than that of valence, thus being detectable only under special conditions, for instance, said clusters may appear in the mass spectrum under a sufficiently long elusion time and numerous other unusual conditions, but the same clusters do not generally appear in the IRD. Consequently, the sole analysis of a magnecular gas with the IRD yields a pure ”experimental belief” without a serious scientific value. In the final analysis, the reader should keep in mind that available analytic equipment has been developed for the detection of molecules and, consequently, it is evident that the use of the same instruments to detect a different chemical species requires different procedures. Similar unreassuring problems exist in various other chemical analyses. For instance, the ”measurement” of the specific weight or of the thermal content of a combustible gas is generally conducted by identifying the molecular constituents with only one instrument, such as the IRD, and then ”calculation” the desired value via the use of tabulated data without any direct measurement at all. When reaquesting the conduction of actual measurements, the author has repeatedly experienced denials due to the apparent expectation that true novelty cannot exist and, if suggested, it is generally perceived in academia as a fraud, thus preventing the very premises for a serious resolution of environmental problems. In conclusion, the historical character of the scientific advances permitted by Einstein’s relativities, quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry is simply beyond any possible doubt. Nevertheless, any position that said theories provide the final description of all possible conditions existing in the universe constitutes a serious threat for the very survival of mankind, because the solution of the increasingly cataclysmic climactic changes afflicting our planet is known to be impossible with said theories, thus require suitable generalizations. We should never forget that, despite unquestionable advances, the scientific evolution in our planet has occurred so far over a period of time very small compared to millions of years of possible scientific developments in other planets belonging to older stars in other galaxies. Hence, almost everything in the universe has yet to be discovered.
Page 1 and 2: THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface 1 THE INCREASINGLY
Page 7 and 8: HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
Page 13: HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
Page 65 and 66:
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203:
Page 206 and 207:
190 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Ethereal
Page 208 and 209:
192 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Isodual
Page 210 and 211:
194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
show all

the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?