the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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120 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI 6. HHO, THE NEW GASEOUS AND COMBUSTIBLE FORM OF WATER WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 6.1 Introduction Studies on the electrolytic separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen date back to the 19-th century (for a textbook on the water molecule see, e.g., Ref. [20a] and for an account on its electrolytic separation see, e.g., Ref. [20b]). More recently, there has been considerable research in the separation of water into a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases. These studies were initiated by Yull Brown in 1977 via equipment generally referred to as “electrolyzers” and the resulting gas is known as “Brown gas” (see patents [21]). In accordance with these patents as well as the subsequent rather vast literature in the field, the Brown gas is defined as a combustible gas composed of conventional hydrogen and conventional oxygen gases having the exact stochiometric ratio of 2/3 (or 66.66% by volume) of hydrogen and 1/3 (or 33.33% by volume) of oxygen. In this section the author (a physicist) presents to the chemistry community for its independent verification various measurements on an apparently new mixture of hydrogen and oxygen hereon referred to as the “HHO gas” (international patent pending) developed by Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc., of Clearwater, Florida (www.hytechapps.com). The new HHO gas is regularly produced via a new type of electrolyzer and has resulted to be distinctly different in chemical composition than the Brown gas, even though both gases share a number of common features. The main scope of this section is to report, apparently for the first time, new clusters of hydrogen and oxygen atoms contained in the HHO gas, which clusters
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 121 appear to escape the traditional valence interpretation and constitute one of the novelties of the HHO gas over the Brown gas. Another objective of this section is to initiate quantitative studies on the rather unique features of the HHO gas that do not appear to be representable via the conventional quantum chemistry of hydrogen and oxygen gases. Yet another objective of this section is to present a working hypothesis to initiate the understanding of the capability by the HHO electrolyzers to perform the transition of water from the liquid to a gaseous state via a process structurally different than evaporation or separation, due to the use of energy dramatically less than that required by said evaporation or separation. The final objective of this section is the submission, apparently for the first time, of it a new form of the water molecule created by the removal of its natural electric polarization and consequential collapse of the two HO dimers, from their conventional configuration with 105 ◦ to a new configuration in which the two dimers are collapsed one against the other due to strongly attractive opposing magnetic polarizations (see below for details and pictures). Due to the loss of electric polarization, polymerization and other features, the above new form of the water molecule permits a plausible representation of the creation of the HHO gas from liquid water without the evaporation energy. Its unstable character also permits a plausible interpretation on the experimental measurements of all anomalous features of the HHO gas. Independent verification by interested chemists of the various measurements reported in this section are solicited, jointly with the conduction of additional much needed tests. Samples of the HHO gas can be obtained at any time by contacting Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc. at their website www.hytechapps.com. 6.2 Experimental Measurements on the New HHO Gas Under visual inspection, both the HHO gas results to be odorless, colorless and lighter than air, as it is also the case for the Brown gas. Their first remarkable feature is the efficiency E of the electrolyzer for the production of the gas, here simply defined as the ratio between the volume of HHO gas produced and the number of Watts needed for its production. In fact, the electrolyzers rapidly convert water into 55 standard cubic feet (scf) of HHO gas at 35 pounds per square inch (psi) via the use of 5 Kwh, namely, an efficiency that is at least ten times the corresponding efficiency of conventional water evaporation, thus permitting low production costs.
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THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUC
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Contents Preface 1 THE INCREASINGLY
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HADRONIC MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS AND
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190 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Ethereal
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192 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Isodual
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194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
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