the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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36 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Figure 11. A schematic view of the simplest possible bi-atomic magnecule whose bond originates from the toroidal polarization of the orbits of peripheral atomic electrons. A first main difference with conventional molecular bonds is that, under sufficiently strong external magnetic fields, the magnecular bond may occur independently from the existence or not of valence electrons. Consequently, the two polarized atoms depicted in this figure can be arbitrarily chosen, while for conventional molecular bonds the atoms are restricted to verify known valence rules. Another major difference is that, by central conception to achieve full combustion for the case of fuels (see Section 1), the magnecular bond is much weaker than the molecular bond. In fact, due to its magnetic origin, the bond of this picture ceases to exist at a given temperature (the Curie Temperature) that, for the case of gaseous fuels with magnecular structure, it is usually given by the flame temperature. The main industrial as well as social result is that gaseous fuels with magnecular structure do achieve indeed total combustion without any toxic substance in its exhaust, something impossible for fuels with molecular structure, as proved by various cases studied in the subsequent sections of this book. Another implication also of major industrial and social relevance is that fuels with magnecular structure can be synthesized in such a way to be internally rich in oxygen (usually of liquid, rather than atmospheric origin) in order to replenish the atmospheric oxygen already depleted by fossil fuels, something equally impossible for fuels with molecular structure, as also studied later on in this book. reactions take place resulting in the formation of magnegas which bubbles to the surface of the liquid where it is collected for industrial or consumer use. To understand the creation of a new chemical species defined according to Sect. 2.1 as an essentially pure population of gas magnecules, recall that magnetic
THE NEW FUELS WITH MAGNECULAR STRUCTURE 37 Figure 12. A schematic view of the simplest possible multiatomic magnecular bonds. Case A at the top illustrates an atom and the elementary hydrogen magnecule. Case B at the bottom at the left illustrates a magnecule with three hydrogen atoms (H×H×H). Case B at the bottom at the right illustrates a magnecule composed by a molecule and a dimer. Case C illustrates the hypothesis submitted in this monograph that the structure with 3 a.m.u. generally interpreted as a conventional “molecule” H 3 may in reality be a magnecule between a hydrogen molecule and an isolated hydrogen atom. This is due to the fact that, once the two valence electrons of the hydrogen molecule are bonded-correlated, they cannot admit the same valence bond with a third electron for numerous physical reasons, such as: the bond cannot be stable because the former is a Boson while the latter is a Fermion; the former has charge −2e while the latter has charge −e, thus resulting in a large repulsion; etc. fields are inversely proportional to the square of the distance, F magnetic = m 1m 2 r 2 . (2.14)
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194 RUGGERO MARIA SANTILLI Newton-S
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the new fuels with magnecular structure - Institute for Basic Research

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