Systematic process improvement using ISO 9001:2000 and CMMI

80 Revised Frameworks: ISO 9001:2000 and the CMMI ®
4.2.1 New to CMMI ® version 1.1
The CMMI ® was developed based on the following models:
• CMM ® v2.0 (draft C) for software;
• EIA Interim Standard 731, System Engineering Capability Model
(SECM);
• Integrated Product Development Model, draft v0.98a (IPD-CMM ® );
• Software Acquisition CMM ® , v.1.02 (SA-CMM ® ).
Although the CMM ® v1.1 is not officially listed as a CMMI ® predecessor
model, for software organizations, the transition to CMMI ® will be from
CMM ® v1.1, rather than from the unpublished CMM ® v2.0c.
The CMMI ® uses a systems approach to product development and emphasizes
process improvement for products (or services). The CMMI ® has two
representations: staged and continuous, and several bodies of knowledge or
disciplines: systems engineering, software engineering, and integrated product
and process development (IPPD). 2 Although one can select either the software
or systems engineering discipline, IPPD is not a separate discipline. It requires
other disciplines to be present in order to be implemented. This is discussed
in more detail in the following sections.
Because the staged representation, similar to the CMM ® v1.1, addresses
the process maturity of an organization, it answers the question ‘‘What will
be the most likely outcome of the next project we undertake’’ [11]. The
staged representation is concerned with organizational maturity.
The continuous representation, similar to EIA 731, deals with improvement
of a single process area and answers the question ‘‘What is a good order
in which to approach improvement of this process area’’ The continuous
representation addresses the capability levels of process areas.
Both representations contain the same components, 3 using the same
wording. A major difference between the representations is in the approach
to process improvement: If an organization strives to achieve organizational
maturity, it may select the staged representation. In contrast, if the organization
is interested in specific process capabilities it will select the continuous
representation. Equivalent staging, described later in this chapter, was developed
to allow comparisons of benchmarking conducted using the continuous
2. Additional bodies of knowledge may be added to the CMMI ® later. Its architecture was developed to accommodate
new disciplines. The CMMI ® described in this book is CMMI ® -SE/SW/IPPD, v1.1.
3. The component descriptions are the same with some well-defined variations that are explained later.