Systematic process improvement using ISO 9001:2000 and CMMI

60 Revised Frameworks: ISO 9001:2000 and the CMMI ®
and approvals. This new and long awaited standard brought many changes
to the old warhorse, ISO 9000:1994, including the withdrawal of ISO 9002
and ISO 9003. The new ISO family of standards forms a ‘‘coherent set of
quality management system standards’’ [4] based on a consistent set of
quality management principles. The following standards make up this new
ISO family:
• ISO 9000, Fundamentals and vocabulary [4];
• ISO 9001, Requirements [1];
• ISO 9004, Guidelines for performance improvements [5];
• ISO 19011, Guidelines for quality and environmental management
systems auditing.
The most notable change is in the spirit of this new standard: movement
away from a prescriptive, procedure-based approach to modern quality management
practices based on a systems engineering approach, process-oriented
thinking, achievement of customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement.
Another important change is in the increased emphasis on senior
management commitment to customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.
The cancellation of the ISO 9002 and 9003 standards indicates the global
appeal of the new ISO 9001 and 9004 standards. This ‘‘coherent pair’’ follows
an identical structure to describe a framework applicable to all product categories
and all organization sizes.
One of the more obvious differences between the 1994 and 2000 versions
is a change to the structure. The new version has five parts instead of the
20 clauses found in the 1994 version. Although most of the 20 clauses
map to these five parts, the emphasis of the new standard has changed
significantly. Because the new standard’s structure is less prescriptive, organizations
have greater freedom in its implementation. Features of the new
standard and some of the major differences between the two versions are
described later.
Because, as of this writing, there are more than 400,000 ISO 9001:1994
registered organizations in the world, there is a need to support an orderly
transition to the new version of the standard. Both standards are valid during
the 3 years following the December 2000 publication of ISO 9001:2000.
After this 3-year period, registration to the 1994 version of standards is not
possible and certificates based on that version will become invalid. The timing
for adopting the new standard depends on organizational business objectives,