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KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO ...

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APPENDIX B<br />

l<br />

greater than four inches in length, and have resulted from natural breaks.<br />

Natural breaks include slickensides, joints, compaction slicks, bedding<br />

plane partings (not caused by drilling), friable zones, etc<br />

= Total length of the coring run<br />

Weathering<br />

The degree of weathering is a significant parameter that is important in determining weathering profiles<br />

and is also useful in engineering designs. The following terms can be applied to distinguish the degree of<br />

weathering:<br />

Other Characteristics<br />

Fresh—Rock shows little or no weathering effect. Fractures or joints have little or no<br />

staining and rock has a bright appearance.<br />

Slight—Rock has some staining (i.e., discoloration along joints, cracks or exposed surfaces)<br />

which may penetrate several centimeters into the rock. Clay filling of joints may occur.<br />

Feldspar grains may show some alteration.<br />

Moderate—Most of the rock, with exception of quartz grains, is stained. Rock is weakened<br />

due to weathering and can be easily broken with hammer.<br />

Severe—All rock, including quartz grains, is stained. Some of the rock is weathered to the<br />

extent of becoming a soil. The rock is very weak and crumbly.<br />

The following items should be included in the rock description:<br />

Description of contacts between two rock units. These can be sharp or gradational.<br />

Description of any cavities or bugs, including fillings, if present.<br />

Description of any joints or fractures.<br />

Notation of joints or fractures with depth, any unusual staining (not weathering),<br />

approximate angle from horizontal, any mineral filling or coating, degree of weathering and<br />

interpretive, relative degree of groundwater movement through the fracture.<br />

As an attachment to the log, additional information should be provided, including an estimation of the<br />

degree of cementation and type of cement for granular sedimentary rocks; a description of the texture and<br />

fabric of the rock (i.e., the shape and relationship of component particles or crystals); and the structure of<br />

macroscopic features of the rock mass. Generally, rock structure is best seen in the outcrop rather than<br />

the hand specimen, but some indication of structure (e.g., horizontal or dipping beds, open joints) can be<br />

obtained from core samples.<br />

Numerous classification schemes for igneous and metamorphic rocks are available. Compton, 1962<br />

Manual of Field Geology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York and Classification of Rocks, Quarterly of<br />

the Colorado School of Mines, Volume 50, Number 1, January 1955 are preferred. Igneous and<br />

metamorphic rocks that may be encountered at Kirtland AFB will be classified according to the<br />

procedures outlined in Classification of Rocks.<br />

Kirtland AFB<br />

SOPs for Field Investigations B-20 April 2004

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