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KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO ...

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APPENDIX B<br />

Packer Testing<br />

Procedures used<br />

Borehole/gravel pack size (if known)<br />

Inflatable packer tests are commonly used to isolate a test zone within the borehole to perform rising or<br />

falling head and pressure tests. Packer tests will be conducted according to US Bureau of Reclamation<br />

Earth Manual DES-18 or ASTM D4630-86, Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity<br />

of Low Permeability Rocks by In-Situ Measurements Using the Constant Head Injection Test and ASTM<br />

D4631-86, Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by<br />

In-Situ Measurements Using the Presence Pulse Technique.<br />

The usual procedure for packer testing is to drill the hole, remove the core barrel or tool, seat the packer,<br />

make the test, remove the packer, drill the hole deeper, set the packer again to test the newly-drilled<br />

section, and repeat the test. If the geology is such that the hole would remain open, the boring could be<br />

drilled to the final depth and cleaned. Two packers would then be set apart at least five times the<br />

diameter of the borehole. The bottom packer would be plugged and the perforated pipe would go<br />

between the packers.<br />

Pressure measurements of the test zone from the beginning of curvature of the upper and lower packer<br />

should be recorded, condition of the packers and air lines should be checked, and depth of packer<br />

placement recorded. The hole should be tested from the bottom upward. Additional information to be<br />

collected includes the test interval and the pressure of water being injected into the well.<br />

Pump Tests<br />

This guideline outlines the methods for determining aquifer characteristics from pumping tests. The<br />

methods described may be used for both unconfined and confined aquifers. Values obtained are intended<br />

to be representative of the conditions of the aquifer over a large volume of pumping water.<br />

The procedure consists of pumping from a well at a certain rate for a specific length of time and<br />

measuring the rate of response of the surrounding aquifer to pumping, through taking periodic water level<br />

measurements in both the pumping well and in any nearby observation wells. The hydraulic<br />

characteristics of the aquifer are then found by evaluating the data gathered, using an appropriate<br />

formula.<br />

The determination of aquifer characteristics from aquifer test data by graphical methods is most common.<br />

Most methods are derived from the Theis nonequilibrium formula. The assumptions inherent in the<br />

formulas used in calculating the aquifer characteristics must be evaluated to insure validity of the<br />

formula under the actual conditions at the site being investigated.<br />

Planning for the Pump Test<br />

The location of an aquifer test is determined largely by the size of the area, the uniformity and<br />

homogeneity of the aquifers involved, and known or suspected recharge or barrier boundary conditions.<br />

The hydrogeological conditions of the site should not change over short distances and should be<br />

representative of the area under study.<br />

Kirtland AFB<br />

SOPs for Field Investigations B-141 April 2004

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