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KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO ...

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APPENDIX B<br />

Igneous rock classification is based on texture and mineralogy. The distinction between intrusive and<br />

extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks is not specifically addressed by rock classification schemes but is<br />

indicated by texture, which is a function of cooling history, and is determined by field relationships.<br />

Metamorphic rock classification is based primarily on structure and mineralogy. Directional or<br />

nondirectional structure is and important attribute in determining nomenclatures. Because metamorphic<br />

rocks derive from preexisting igneous or sedimentary rocks which have undergone a chemical or physical<br />

change after their original metamorphic rocks are divided into two groups:<br />

those formed by regional metamorphism, and<br />

those formed by contact metamorphism (Hurlbut, 1971, Dana’s Manual of Mineralogy, 18 th<br />

Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).<br />

Igneous rock will be classified based on granularity or the absence of visible grains, the relationship<br />

between grains, the proportions of essential rock-forming minerals, color, and the presence and type of<br />

visible accessory minerals.<br />

Metamorphic rocks will be classified on the basis of directional or nondirectional structure, the type of<br />

directional structure if any, mineralogy, and color.<br />

In addition to standard classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks, other features will be described,<br />

Physical features of crystalline rocks that may contribute to groundwater or contaminant migration will<br />

be described and characterized. Joints or fractures will be mapped, widths measure, and their aspect and<br />

degree of interconnections described. Fracture-filling minerals will be described and sampled if<br />

necessary to determine potential interactions between these minerals and potential contaminants.<br />

The predominant local bedrock encountered at Kirtland AFB is the Tertiary Santa Fe Formation. The<br />

Santa Fe Formation consists of light brown to reddish-brown clays and mudstones, and sands and gravels<br />

which are indurated with caliche. The Santa Fe Formation should be noted and described on the boring<br />

log when encountered in core or cuttings.<br />

References for Other Applicable ASTM Standards<br />

ASTM D2488 – Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)<br />

ASTM D 4318 – Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils<br />

Kirtland AFB<br />

SOPs for Field Investigations B-21 April 2004

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