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102 The MiLiTAry BALAnCe 2010 Table 12 Selected arms procurements and deliveries, Latin America and the Caribbean Designation Type Quantity Contract Value Supplier Country Prime Contractor Order Date First Delivery Due 3-D Lanza Radar 2 US$25m ESP Indra 2007 2008 3-year contract. One fixed, one portable. Final delivery due end-2008 IA 58 Pucará FGA 3 _ COL _ 2008 _ Ex-COL stock. For spares Venezuela (Ven) VENSAT-1 Simón Bolivar Comms sat notes 1 US$406m PRC _ 2003 2008 Launched Nov 2008. VEN due to take ctrl Jan 2009. Contract value incl cost of two ground-control stations Tor-M1 AD 3 bty Undisclosed RUS Rosoboronexport 2006 2007 First bty delivered Dec 2007. Delivery status of others unknown BVL type PBC 4 See notes ESP Navantia 2005 2008 €1.2bn (US$1.5bn) incl 4 FS. To replace 6 Constitution-class PCF. First vessel launched Oct 2008. Final delivery due 2011 POV FS 4 See notes ESP Navantia 2005 2010 US$2.2bn incl 4 Buque de Vigilancia de Litoral coastal patrol ships. Final delivery due 2011 Project 636 (Imp Kilo) JL-8 Nanchang (K-8 Karokorum) SSK 1 _ RUS _ 2008 _ Varshavyanka (Original procurement plan of 3 SSK reduced for financial reasons) Ftr/trg 24 est US$380 PRC Hongdu 2008 2010 To be used primarily for counternarcotics Mi-17V5 Hel 14 See Notes RUS Rosoboronexport 2006 2008 Part of US$484m order with 2 Mi-35M and 2 Mi-26T (delivered). Reports suggest possible order of 20 further Mi-17-V5. Civil or military use is unclear T-72 and T-90 MBT up to 100 US$500m RUS _ 2009 _ Delivery status unclear
Chapter Three Europe NATO Towards a new strategic concept NATO’s 60th anniversary summit in Strasbourg, France, and Kehl, Germany, launched the process to develop the Alliance’s new strategic concept, which is to be approved at a summit in 2010. At the 2009 summit, held on 3–4 April, NATO leaders adopted a ‘Declaration on Alliance Security’ drafted by outgoing Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, which served as the official tasking document. Mindful of member governments’ insistence that the declaration should not pre-empt the new strategic concept itself, the document reassured members that Article V collective-defence commitments were not in competition with non-Article V missions and reaffirmed the need for unity of purpose and a willingness to share operational risks and responsibilities. To assist the concept-development process, NATO appointed a group of 12 experts chaired by former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. Jeroen van der Veer, a former CEO of Royal Dutch Shell, was appointed vice-chair. While the group brings together experienced and qualified individuals, none of its members has direct military experience. The group began work on 4 September 2009 and is expected to consult widely on all aspects of the strategic concept, even though it is not clear what kind of product it will produce nor how any report could affect the deliberations of the allied heads of state and government. The strategic concept has to codify decisions and practices established through a string of ministerial and summit communiqués since the last concept in 1999, while also fulfilling a public-diplomacy function in explaining the Alliance to electorates in NATO member states and audiences further afield. Most importantly, the strategic concept needs to provide direction for NATO by identifying threats to allied security and specifying how the Alliance should deal with them. As the concept-development process unfolds, it is clear that several fault-lines exist among allies. Some governments insist that a core purpose of the new strategy should be to forge a renewed consensus about NATO’s fundamental role and mission, particularly in light of the Alliance’s enlargement, with the new strategic concept building on the 1999 version. Others take the view that the international environment has changed tremendously since 1999, and suggest that a more revolutionary approach is required. The August 2008 war between Russia and Georgia sharpened debate about whether NATO was striking the right balance between collective defence and crisis-response operations, such as the mission in Afghanistan. How expeditionary should NATO be? The 2009 Summit Declaration asserted that NATO’s Article V commitment remained its most important task and that the transformation agenda, which was largely designed to increase the usability of forces, would strengthen the ability of allies to conduct both territorial-defence and crisisresponse operations outside allied territory. The debate underlined the need for greater clarity about NATO’s core meaning and purpose in the contemporary security context. Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, chairman of NATO’s Military Committee, recently insisted that the strategic concept, while primarily a political document, had to give clear guidance on the meaning of NATO’s collective-defence obligations in today’s context, including on such issues as what would constitute ‘armed aggression’ against a member state. This is particularly important when one considers that piracy, terrorism, insurgency and cyber attacks play an increasing role in many threat assessments. In part, it will be the responsibility of the group of experts, working with new NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, who took over on 1 August 2009, to strike a balance acceptable to all NATO members. The Strasbourg–Kehl Summit Declaration confirmed that further enlargement of NATO was seen as less urgent than before. Albania and Croatia were welcomed as new members but Macedonia could not be admitted due to an ongoing dispute with Greece about the country’s name. Following the war in Georgia, leaders deferred the issue of membership for Georgia and Ukraine by confirming their readiness in principle to admit the two countries but stipulating that both would have to tackle a significant reform agenda first, and that doing so Europe
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The Military Balance 2010 Editor’
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The Military Balance 2010 Preface T
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Units and formation strength Compan
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Principal Aviation Equipment De�n
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Construction, Research and Developm
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Chapter One North America THE UNITE
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tion execution procedures’. There
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and network kits for the HMMWV. Whi
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tion brigade roughly quintuples the
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light of the forthcoming demographi
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FY2010 National Defence Process In
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North America Table 7 US National D
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Cbt Engr 1 regt MP 4 coy Log 10 bn
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SUDAN UN • UNMIS (Operation Safar
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Engr 4 bde Sig 1 bde Spt 8 spt bde,
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Naval reserve Forces 109,222 (total
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AAV 1,311 AAV-7A1 (all roles) ARTY
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FORCES BY ROLE HQ (AF) 1 HQ located
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FORCES BY ROLE Combined Service 1 H
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IRAQ NATO • NTM-I 12 UN • UNAMI
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Table 8 US Air Capability 2010 Airc
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Page 49 and 50: Table 9 Selected US Arms Orders Fy2
Page 51 and 52: Chapter Two Latin America and the C
Page 53 and 54: II RM Mexicali, Baja California Reg
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Page 57 and 58: In March 2009, the 12 defence minis
Page 59 and 60: systems, including 100,000 Kalashni
Page 61 and 62: previous editions of The Military B
Page 63 and 64: MRL 105mm 4 SLAM Pampero MOR 883: 8
Page 65 and 66: WESTERN SAHARA UN • MINURSO 3 obs
Page 67 and 68: LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT 19: AH 2 TPT
Page 69 and 70: ABU 6: 1 Almirante Graca Aranah (li
Page 71 and 72: TOWED 138: 105mm 90 M-101 155mm 48
Page 73 and 74: Capabilities ACTIVE 285,220 (Army 2
Page 75 and 76: RECCE 11: 6 Schweizer SA-2-37; 2 B-
Page 77 and 78: TPT 12: 3 Yak-40; 3 An-24; 2 Il-76;
Page 79 and 80: PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS 8 FRIG
Page 81 and 82: AIRCRAFT • RECCE 1 O-2A Skymaster
Page 83 and 84: EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT TPT 1 Y-
Page 85 and 86: SAR/Tpt 2 flt with 4 AS-355N Ecureu
Page 87 and 88: FTR 10: 8 F-5E Tiger II; 2 F-5F Tig
Page 89 and 90: Capabilities ACTIVE 10,650 (Army 7,
Page 91 and 92: AD SAM • MANPAD 298+: 70 SA-14 Gr
Page 93 and 94: EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT 4 combat
Page 95 and 96: DEPLOyMENT AFgHANISTAN UN • UNAMA
Page 97 and 98: FORCES By ROLE Ftr/FGA 2 gp with Su
Page 99: Latin America and the Caribbean Tab
Page 103 and 104: Table 13 EU Battlegroups year Semes
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Page 107 and 108: NATO EUROPE - DEfENCE ECONOMICs Eco
Page 109 and 110: underestimation of programme costs
Page 111 and 112: Grand Coalition government incremen
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Page 115 and 116: underfunded. In 2008, defence chief
Page 117 and 118: Albania ALB albanian lek 2008 2009
Page 119 and 120: fORCEs By ROLE AD/FGA/ Recce 2 (Tac
Page 121 and 122: UTL: 6 Bell 206 JetRanger UAV Yastr
Page 123 and 124: LIBERIA UN • UNMIL 3 sERBIA NATO
Page 125 and 126: MRL 227mm 12 MLRS (in store awaitin
Page 127 and 128: BOsNIA-HERzEgOVINA EU • EUFOR •
Page 129 and 130: FF 9 D’Estienne d’Orves each wi
Page 131 and 132: AfgHANIsTAN NATO • ISAF 3,095 (Op
Page 133 and 134: APC 2,307 APC (T) 1,161: 200 Bv-206
Page 135 and 136: fOREIgN fORCEs Canada NATO 287 Fran
Page 137 and 138: Air force 31,500 (incl 11,000 consc
Page 139 and 140: DEPLOyMENT Legal provisions for for
Page 141 and 142: 2 Luigi Durand de la Penne (ex-Anim
Page 143 and 144: ALBANIA NATO 1 (HQ Tirana) Delegazi
Page 145 and 146: SP 10 M1025A2 HMMWV with Javelin MA
Page 147 and 148: MOR 43: 81mm 27 L16/M1 TOWED 120mm
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Poland POL Polish Zloty z 2008 2009
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Of CONgO UN •
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sÃO TOME AND PRINCIPÉ Navy 1 Air
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capabilities ACTIVE 16,531 (army 7,
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capabilities ACTIVE 128,013 (army 7
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APC (W) 18 Piranha AAV 19: 16 AAV-7
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ORgANIsATIONs By sERVICE Army ε77,
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TPT 77: 13 C-130B Hercules/C-130E H
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Inf 13 bn SF 2 regt (SAS) AB 1 bn O
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LC 24 RRC HELICOPTERS ATK/SPT 43: 6
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NEPAL Army 280 (Gurkha trg org) NET
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OSCE • Kosovo 1 FOrEIgn FOrCEs De
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MSL • SSM ε4 SS-21 Scarab (Tochk
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DEPLOyMEnT bOsnIA-hErzEgOInVA OSCE
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AD • SAM 48 SP 6 SA-15 Gauntlet;
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navy 2,000; 1,850 conscript (total
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coast Guard PATROL AND COASTAL COMB
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MOR 39: 120mm 39 AT • MSL • MAN
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Finland OSCE 1 France OSCE 1 German
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Decision on deployment of troops ab
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ut can also be used as HQ ship); 2
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TPT 20: 15 PC-6 Turbo-Porter; 1 Fal
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naval Infantry 3,000 Naval inf 1 bd
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Table 17 selected arms procurements
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Chapter Four Russia New defence ref
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23 motor-rifle and tank divisions,
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government will be able to keep mee
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While the programme contained a lau
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he was therefore open-minded about
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ties of Russian military equipment.
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Tk 4 bde (each: 3 tk bn, 1 MR (BMP-
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SSM 1 regt with 8 SS-C-1B Sepal AD
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Tpt sqns with An-12 Cub/An-24 Coke/
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Arty 1 bde, SSM 1 bde with 12-18 SS
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Paramilitary 449,000 Federal Border
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Chapter Five Middle East and North
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Map 2 iraq BAGHDAD 3 2 1 6 9 XX IA
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governments before Iran was effecti
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key staff from Russia and the UK ow
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system specifically targeted to cou
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Algeria ALG Algerian Dinar D 2008 2
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ORGAnIsAtIOns by seRvICe Army 6,000
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navy ε8,500 (incl 2,000 Coast Guar
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WesteRn sAhARA UN • MINURSO 21 ob
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Air Force 30,000 (incl 12,000 Air D
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Israel ISR New israeli Shekel NS 20
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MSL ASM AGM-114 Hellfire; AGM-45 Sh
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demOCRAtIC RepUblIC OF COnGO UN •
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ARTY 516 TOWED 160: 105mm 21: 13 M-
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AMPHIBIOUS 4 LS 1 LST 1 Ibn Harissa
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Mech Inf 3 bde Inf 35 indep bn Mot
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APC 206 APC (T) 16: 6 FV 103 Sparta
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ARTY 89 SP 155mm 28 (AMX) Mk F3 TOW
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Hel 2 sqn with AS-532 Cougar (CSAR)
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AMPHIBIOUS • LS • LSM 3 Polnoch
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deplOyment CentRAl AFRICAn RepUblIC
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capabilities ACtIve 66,700 (Army 60
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Middle East and North Africa Table
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Middle East and North Africa Table
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Chapter Six Sub-Saharan Africa The
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{ Regions: Deployment of mission HQ
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December 2005) and the democratic e
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training, technical and financial s
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Table 26 South african defence budg
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aircraft and SAM batteries to prote
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paramilitary 10,000 rapid-reaction
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT TPT 8: 1
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deploymenT cenTral african republic
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 6 combat
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paramilitary 10,450 Presidential Gu
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djibouti DJB Djiboutian Franc fr 20
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MOR 120mm/160mm 100+ AT MSL • MAN
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 14 comba
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Ranger 1 bn Cdo 1 bn Arty 1 bn Engr
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TRG up to 25: up to 5 Bulldog 103/B
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Liaison sqn with Cessna 310; Cessna
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eQuipmenT by Type RECCE BRDM-2; Fer
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niger NER cFA Franc BceAO fr 2008 2
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paramilitary ε82,000 coast Guard P
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cenTral african republic/chad UN
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puntland Armed Forces ε5-10,000; c
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organiSaTionS by Service army 85,00
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forceS by role Tk 1 bde Inf 5 bde A
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forceS by role Army 5 div (each: up
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GUNS • TOWED 116: 14.5mm 36 ZPU-1
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Chapter Seven South and Central Asi
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Pakistan Democratically elected Pre
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Fonseka resigned as CDS on 12 Novem
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S-300 air-defence batteries, beyond
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AFGHANISTAN International concern g
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Map 3 Afghanistan ISAF/OEF-A 1 RC-C
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Fatalities 500 400 300 200 100 0 US
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SOUTH ASIA - DEFENCE ECONOmICS Afte
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Table 31 Indian Defence Budget by F
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The biggest naval procurement agree
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their finances’ but wish to repla
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Australia 1,350; 1 inf BG with (1 m
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TRG 30: 8 L-39ZA Albatros*; 10 PT-6
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Navy 58,350 (incl 7,000 Naval Avn a
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Mirage/M-2000TH (M-2000ED) Mirage (
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GUN/MOR 120mm 25 2S9 Anona MRL 380:
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Police Force 47,000 SELECTED NON-ST
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Cadres School and PAF Academy are D
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Air Force 28,000 (incl SLAF Regt) F
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HELICOPTERS ATK 10 Mi-24 Hind SPT 8
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South and Central Asia Table 32 Sel
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Chapter Eight East Asia and Austral
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Map 4 China: military regions and m
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JAPAN Japan’s defence policy in
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training and deployments. Naval ele
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months, including that of a C-�
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Australia’s Force 2030: Key capab
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for the ��-year period of the W
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International Monetary Fund (IMF) r
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column C, data are converted into U
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Inf 6 bde HQ (4/5/8/9/11/13) each w
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Brunei BRN Brunei Dollar B$ 2008 20
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Capabilities ACTIVE 2,285,000 (Army
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Navy ε215,000; 40,000 conscript (t
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East Sea Fleet Coastal defence from
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Fiji FJI Fijian Dollar F$ 2008 2009
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TPT 23: 3 CN-235M; 2 DHC-5 Buffalo;
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Maritime Self- Defense Force 42,400
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PCC 60 PC-Type PCI 174: 170 CL-Type
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Tpt regts with An-2 Colt to infiltr
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UTL 5 F406 Caravan II HELICOPTERS A
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Capabilities ACTIVE 109,000 (Army 8
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Customs Service PATROL AND COASTAL
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FGA 22 A-5M (Q-5II) Fantan TPT 15:
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FOREIGN FORCES Australia Army 38; 1
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Capabilities ACTIVE 72,500 (Army 50
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TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) Army 3 t
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Fokker 50 • Makung Air Base Comma
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MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASUR
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RESERVES 5,000,000 ORGANISATIONS BY
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East Asia and Australasia Table 35
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Chapter Nine Country comparisons -
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Table 36 UN Deployments 2009-2010 l
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Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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index of contributing nations Alban
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Number deployed 110,000 90,000 70,0
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Table 38 Selected training activity
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Country comparisons Table 39 Intern
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Table 43 Global Arms Transfer Agree
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Table 47 Selected Operational Milit
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Chapter Ten Reforming India’s def
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develop a fifth-generation fighter
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Table 48: Major Current Domestic De
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Part two Reference table 49 Designa
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Reference Type Name/designation Cou
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table 50 List of Abbreviations for
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NCO non-commissioned officer NLACM
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Index of Country/Territory Abbrevia
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