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52 The MiliTAry BAlANce 2010 Table 10 Selected arms procurements and deliveries, Canada Designation Type Quantity contract Value LAV III LAV Upgrade Supplier country Prime contractor 550 CAN$1bn Dom General (US$859.7m) Dynamics (GDLS) Halifax FFG SLEP 12 CAN$3.1bn (US$2.9bn). M777 Howitzer 150 HC 2D Sea Giraffe C-130J Super Hercules CH-148 Cyclone CH-47D Chinook CH-47F Chinook CP-140 (P-3) Aurora Dom Halifax and Victoria Shipyards Order Date First Delivery Due Notes 2009 2012 Focus on weapons and mobility systems. Part of FLCV upgrade and procurement project worth CAN$5bn 2007 2010 SLEP: Halifax-class HCM/FELEX project. To be fitted with Sea Giraffe 150 HC surv radar. Final delivery due 2017 Arty 25 _ US BAE 2009 _ Acquired from US through FMS Programme. Total contract with BAE worth US$118m Radar 12 US$23m Dom Saab 2009 2010 For Halifax FFG. Part of Frigate Equipment Life Extension Combat Systems Integration programme Tpt ac 17 US$1.4bn US Lockheed Martin 2007 2010 To replace current CC130 E. Final delivery due 2013 Tpt hel 28 US$5bn US Sikorsky 2004 2010 (H-92 Superhawk). Incl US$1.8bn 20-year parts/training package. Deliveries delayed until Nov 2010. Final delivery due 2013 Tpt hel 6 CAN$292m US Boeing 2008 2008 Ex-US stock. For use in AFG until delivery of 16 CH-47F+. First hel delivered Nov 2008 Tpt hel 15 US$1.15bn US Boeing 2009 2013 For Army use MPA SLEP 10 US$156m US Lockheed Martin 2008 _ To extend service life by 15,000 flight hours over 20 to 25 years Heron UAV 2 CAN$95m ISR MDA 2008 2009 2 year lease. For use in AFG. Current contract will keep Heron in service until early 2011. Option for 3rd year Scan Eagle UAV 1 CAD14m US Boeing 2008 2009 For use in AFG
Chapter Two Latin America and the Caribbean There is now both a need and an opportunity for the nations of Latin America collectively to cater more effectively for the region’s own security. The opportunity stems, in part, from a lack of appetite in the US for regional conflict management, while the need derives from the fact that there are increasingly numerous and complex threats to this security. Democratic decay, prospective state failure, transnational organised crime, terrorism and/or insurgency, the trafficking of illegal weapons, narcotics and people, resource competition, environmental degradation and the consequential disruption to social cohesion all pose serious threats to regional stability, and all these domestic and non-state problems impinge on regional relationships. As noted in recent editions of The Military Balance, nations in Latin America and the Caribbean have been trying to develop regional institutions to develop defence and security cooperation (see also ‘South America: Framing Regional Security’ by John Chipman and James Lockhart Smith, Survival, vol. 51, no. 6, December 2009–January 2010). The Military Balance 2009 discussed how Central American states have organised more cooperation among their armed forces, as well as many other meetings, symposia and cooperation agreements (p. 53). Furthermore, the establishment of the Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) and the accompanying South American Defence Council (SADC) indicate that South America is now taking its own steps to address continental security. (UNASUR excludes Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.) But gaps remain in the institutional architecture. In the Andean region, there is no systemic approach to the handling of transnational threats, despite past attempts to develop one within the Andean Community, while in the Southern Cone states, border and energy disputes regularly consume the détente achieved through careful diplomacy (Argentina and Chile’s accommodation over their border notwithstanding). Although Brazil and Argentina put to one side their prior interest in nuclear weapons, Brazil is now interested in developing nuclear technology for submarine propulsion. The SADC was off to a good start with the Santiago Declaration of March 2009, containing a four-part plan of action in the fields of defence policy, military cooperation, defence industries and training. Chipman and Lockhart Smith argue that the Council needs to do more to create a long-term agenda resistant to hijacking by sub-regional and single-issue concerns, such as enhancing defence transparency (through the publication and updating of White Papers), legal norms of transnational cooperation, information sharing on non-state actors, and harmonisation of participation in extra-regional security arrangements (such as the Proliferation Security Initiative). Though regional security cooperation remains weak, limited military and security ties do exist bilaterally, through numerous other institutions in Central and South America, and with external actors. Mexico and Colombia have strengthened their military relationships with the United States, mainly through the Mérida Initiative and Plan Colombia. Venezuela has developed ties with China and Iran as well as with Russia, with whom it has been active in procurement discussions. Other members of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA) – Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba – have also established or renewed military links with Russia. Many of the region’s armed forces have transformed throughout the decade to address their national-security challenges with various degrees of success. However, with military expenditure increasing, the strategic purposes to which strengthened militaries might be put remain in many cases opaque. Force transformation and modernisation Mexico’s war on organised crime has made headlines in recent years, with violence spilling over into the United States and Guatemala. As much as 90% of the cocaine in US markets travels through Mexico and is controlled by Mexican cartels. Mexican President Felipe Calderón has deployed 45,000 troops throughout the country and has scored major victories against the cartels. But the Mexican public has been increasingly affected by an unprecedented surge in violence. Calderón acknowledged that deploying the Latin America and Caribbean
Page 3 and 4: The Military Balance 2010 Editor’
Page 5 and 6: The Military Balance 2010 Preface T
Page 7 and 8: Units and formation strength Compan
Page 9 and 10: Principal Aviation Equipment De�n
Page 11 and 12: Construction, Research and Developm
Page 13 and 14: Chapter One North America THE UNITE
Page 15 and 16: tion execution procedures’. There
Page 17 and 18: and network kits for the HMMWV. Whi
Page 19 and 20: tion brigade roughly quintuples the
Page 21 and 22: light of the forthcoming demographi
Page 23 and 24: FY2010 National Defence Process In
Page 25 and 26: North America Table 7 US National D
Page 27 and 28: Cbt Engr 1 regt MP 4 coy Log 10 bn
Page 29 and 30: SUDAN UN • UNMIS (Operation Safar
Page 31 and 32: Engr 4 bde Sig 1 bde Spt 8 spt bde,
Page 33 and 34: Naval reserve Forces 109,222 (total
Page 35 and 36: AAV 1,311 AAV-7A1 (all roles) ARTY
Page 37 and 38: FORCES BY ROLE HQ (AF) 1 HQ located
Page 39 and 40: FORCES BY ROLE Combined Service 1 H
Page 41 and 42: IRAQ NATO • NTM-I 12 UN • UNAMI
Page 43 and 44: Table 8 US Air Capability 2010 Airc
Page 49: Table 9 Selected US Arms Orders Fy2
Page 53 and 54: II RM Mexicali, Baja California Reg
Page 55 and 56: elationship will be affected follow
Page 57 and 58: In March 2009, the 12 defence minis
Page 59 and 60: systems, including 100,000 Kalashni
Page 61 and 62: previous editions of The Military B
Page 63 and 64: MRL 105mm 4 SLAM Pampero MOR 883: 8
Page 65 and 66: WESTERN SAHARA UN • MINURSO 3 obs
Page 67 and 68: LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT 19: AH 2 TPT
Page 69 and 70: ABU 6: 1 Almirante Graca Aranah (li
Page 71 and 72: TOWED 138: 105mm 90 M-101 155mm 48
Page 73 and 74: Capabilities ACTIVE 285,220 (Army 2
Page 75 and 76: RECCE 11: 6 Schweizer SA-2-37; 2 B-
Page 77 and 78: TPT 12: 3 Yak-40; 3 An-24; 2 Il-76;
Page 79 and 80: PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS 8 FRIG
Page 81 and 82: AIRCRAFT • RECCE 1 O-2A Skymaster
Page 83 and 84: EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT TPT 1 Y-
Page 85 and 86: SAR/Tpt 2 flt with 4 AS-355N Ecureu
Page 87 and 88: FTR 10: 8 F-5E Tiger II; 2 F-5F Tig
Page 89 and 90: Capabilities ACTIVE 10,650 (Army 7,
Page 91 and 92: AD SAM • MANPAD 298+: 70 SA-14 Gr
Page 93 and 94: EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT 4 combat
Page 95 and 96: DEPLOyMENT AFgHANISTAN UN • UNAMA
Page 97 and 98: FORCES By ROLE Ftr/FGA 2 gp with Su
Page 99 and 100: Latin America and the Caribbean Tab
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Chapter Three Europe NATO Towards a
Page 103 and 104:
Table 13 EU Battlegroups year Semes
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in Atalanta can arrest, detain and
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NATO EUROPE - DEfENCE ECONOMICs Eco
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underestimation of programme costs
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Grand Coalition government incremen
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ordered, and there is currently no
Page 115 and 116:
underfunded. In 2008, defence chief
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Albania ALB albanian lek 2008 2009
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fORCEs By ROLE AD/FGA/ Recce 2 (Tac
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UTL: 6 Bell 206 JetRanger UAV Yastr
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LIBERIA UN • UNMIL 3 sERBIA NATO
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MRL 227mm 12 MLRS (in store awaitin
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BOsNIA-HERzEgOVINA EU • EUFOR •
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FF 9 D’Estienne d’Orves each wi
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AfgHANIsTAN NATO • ISAF 3,095 (Op
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APC 2,307 APC (T) 1,161: 200 Bv-206
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fOREIgN fORCEs Canada NATO 287 Fran
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Air force 31,500 (incl 11,000 consc
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DEPLOyMENT Legal provisions for for
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2 Luigi Durand de la Penne (ex-Anim
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ALBANIA NATO 1 (HQ Tirana) Delegazi
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SP 10 M1025A2 HMMWV with Javelin MA
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MOR 43: 81mm 27 L16/M1 TOWED 120mm
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of 19 to 21, and then up to 4-5 ref
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Poland POL Polish Zloty z 2008 2009
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Of CONgO UN •
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sÃO TOME AND PRINCIPÉ Navy 1 Air
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capabilities ACTIVE 16,531 (army 7,
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capabilities ACTIVE 128,013 (army 7
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APC (W) 18 Piranha AAV 19: 16 AAV-7
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ORgANIsATIONs By sERVICE Army ε77,
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TPT 77: 13 C-130B Hercules/C-130E H
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Inf 13 bn SF 2 regt (SAS) AB 1 bn O
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LC 24 RRC HELICOPTERS ATK/SPT 43: 6
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NEPAL Army 280 (Gurkha trg org) NET
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OSCE • Kosovo 1 FOrEIgn FOrCEs De
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MSL • SSM ε4 SS-21 Scarab (Tochk
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DEPLOyMEnT bOsnIA-hErzEgOInVA OSCE
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AD • SAM 48 SP 6 SA-15 Gauntlet;
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navy 2,000; 1,850 conscript (total
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coast Guard PATROL AND COASTAL COMB
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MOR 39: 120mm 39 AT • MSL • MAN
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Finland OSCE 1 France OSCE 1 German
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Decision on deployment of troops ab
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ut can also be used as HQ ship); 2
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TPT 20: 15 PC-6 Turbo-Porter; 1 Fal
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naval Infantry 3,000 Naval inf 1 bd
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Table 17 selected arms procurements
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Page 205 and 206:
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Chapter Four Russia New defence ref
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23 motor-rifle and tank divisions,
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government will be able to keep mee
Page 215 and 216:
While the programme contained a lau
Page 217 and 218:
he was therefore open-minded about
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ties of Russian military equipment.
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Tk 4 bde (each: 3 tk bn, 1 MR (BMP-
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SSM 1 regt with 8 SS-C-1B Sepal AD
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Tpt sqns with An-12 Cub/An-24 Coke/
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Arty 1 bde, SSM 1 bde with 12-18 SS
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Paramilitary 449,000 Federal Border
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Chapter Five Middle East and North
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Map 2 iraq BAGHDAD 3 2 1 6 9 XX IA
Page 237 and 238:
governments before Iran was effecti
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key staff from Russia and the UK ow
Page 241 and 242:
system specifically targeted to cou
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Algeria ALG Algerian Dinar D 2008 2
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ORGAnIsAtIOns by seRvICe Army 6,000
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navy ε8,500 (incl 2,000 Coast Guar
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WesteRn sAhARA UN • MINURSO 21 ob
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Air Force 30,000 (incl 12,000 Air D
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Israel ISR New israeli Shekel NS 20
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MSL ASM AGM-114 Hellfire; AGM-45 Sh
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demOCRAtIC RepUblIC OF COnGO UN •
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ARTY 516 TOWED 160: 105mm 21: 13 M-
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AMPHIBIOUS 4 LS 1 LST 1 Ibn Harissa
Page 263 and 264:
Mech Inf 3 bde Inf 35 indep bn Mot
Page 265 and 266:
APC 206 APC (T) 16: 6 FV 103 Sparta
Page 267 and 268:
ARTY 89 SP 155mm 28 (AMX) Mk F3 TOW
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Hel 2 sqn with AS-532 Cougar (CSAR)
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AMPHIBIOUS • LS • LSM 3 Polnoch
Page 273 and 274:
deplOyment CentRAl AFRICAn RepUblIC
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capabilities ACtIve 66,700 (Army 60
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Middle East and North Africa Table
Page 279 and 280:
Middle East and North Africa Table
Page 281 and 282:
Chapter Six Sub-Saharan Africa The
Page 283 and 284:
{ Regions: Deployment of mission HQ
Page 285 and 286:
December 2005) and the democratic e
Page 287 and 288:
training, technical and financial s
Page 289 and 290:
Table 26 South african defence budg
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aircraft and SAM batteries to prote
Page 293 and 294:
paramilitary 10,000 rapid-reaction
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT TPT 8: 1
Page 297 and 298:
deploymenT cenTral african republic
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 6 combat
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paramilitary 10,450 Presidential Gu
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djibouti DJB Djiboutian Franc fr 20
Page 305 and 306:
MOR 120mm/160mm 100+ AT MSL • MAN
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 14 comba
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Ranger 1 bn Cdo 1 bn Arty 1 bn Engr
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TRG up to 25: up to 5 Bulldog 103/B
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Liaison sqn with Cessna 310; Cessna
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eQuipmenT by Type RECCE BRDM-2; Fer
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niger NER cFA Franc BceAO fr 2008 2
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paramilitary ε82,000 coast Guard P
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cenTral african republic/chad UN
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puntland Armed Forces ε5-10,000; c
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organiSaTionS by Service army 85,00
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forceS by role Tk 1 bde Inf 5 bde A
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forceS by role Army 5 div (each: up
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GUNS • TOWED 116: 14.5mm 36 ZPU-1
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Chapter Seven South and Central Asi
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Pakistan Democratically elected Pre
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Fonseka resigned as CDS on 12 Novem
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S-300 air-defence batteries, beyond
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AFGHANISTAN International concern g
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Map 3 Afghanistan ISAF/OEF-A 1 RC-C
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Fatalities 500 400 300 200 100 0 US
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SOUTH ASIA - DEFENCE ECONOmICS Afte
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Table 31 Indian Defence Budget by F
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The biggest naval procurement agree
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their finances’ but wish to repla
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Australia 1,350; 1 inf BG with (1 m
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TRG 30: 8 L-39ZA Albatros*; 10 PT-6
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Navy 58,350 (incl 7,000 Naval Avn a
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Mirage/M-2000TH (M-2000ED) Mirage (
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GUN/MOR 120mm 25 2S9 Anona MRL 380:
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Police Force 47,000 SELECTED NON-ST
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Cadres School and PAF Academy are D
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Air Force 28,000 (incl SLAF Regt) F
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HELICOPTERS ATK 10 Mi-24 Hind SPT 8
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South and Central Asia Table 32 Sel
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Chapter Eight East Asia and Austral
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Map 4 China: military regions and m
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JAPAN Japan’s defence policy in
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training and deployments. Naval ele
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months, including that of a C-�
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Australia’s Force 2030: Key capab
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for the ��-year period of the W
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International Monetary Fund (IMF) r
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column C, data are converted into U
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Inf 6 bde HQ (4/5/8/9/11/13) each w
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Brunei BRN Brunei Dollar B$ 2008 20
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Capabilities ACTIVE 2,285,000 (Army
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Navy ε215,000; 40,000 conscript (t
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East Sea Fleet Coastal defence from
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Fiji FJI Fijian Dollar F$ 2008 2009
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TPT 23: 3 CN-235M; 2 DHC-5 Buffalo;
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Maritime Self- Defense Force 42,400
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PCC 60 PC-Type PCI 174: 170 CL-Type
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Tpt regts with An-2 Colt to infiltr
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UTL 5 F406 Caravan II HELICOPTERS A
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Capabilities ACTIVE 109,000 (Army 8
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Customs Service PATROL AND COASTAL
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FGA 22 A-5M (Q-5II) Fantan TPT 15:
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FOREIGN FORCES Australia Army 38; 1
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Capabilities ACTIVE 72,500 (Army 50
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TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) Army 3 t
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Fokker 50 • Makung Air Base Comma
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MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASUR
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RESERVES 5,000,000 ORGANISATIONS BY
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East Asia and Australasia Table 35
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Chapter Nine Country comparisons -
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Table 36 UN Deployments 2009-2010 l
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Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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index of contributing nations Alban
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Number deployed 110,000 90,000 70,0
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Table 38 Selected training activity
Page 457 and 458:
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Country comparisons Table 39 Intern
Page 463 and 464:
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Table 43 Global Arms Transfer Agree
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Table 47 Selected Operational Milit
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Chapter Ten Reforming India’s def
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develop a fifth-generation fighter
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Table 48: Major Current Domestic De
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Part two Reference table 49 Designa
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Reference Type Name/designation Cou
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
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table 50 List of Abbreviations for
Page 487 and 488:
NCO non-commissioned officer NLACM
Page 489 and 490:
Index of Country/Territory Abbrevia
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