Editor's Foreword

Recommendations

Info

236 ThE MiliTAry BAlANcE 2010 ment already made in hardware and training may not be sustainable. Over the last few years the Iraqi army and national police have taken delivery of more than 5,000 ‘humvees’, the all-purpose vehicle that has become the workhorse of the security services. An investigation by the special inspector general for Iraq reconstruction into how these vehicles were used concluded that in spite of a US$682 million investment in maintenance infrastructure, ‘the Iraqi Army’s ability to conduct maintenance operations and operate a supply system is questionable’. Reports suggest that the Iraqi army has failed to develop the logistics needed to re-equip and repair its humvees, leading army commanders in the field to cannibalise other vehicles instead of sending them in for repair, for fear that they might not be returned. Obstacles to security-force development Beyond the problems of personnel, training and logistics, there are three further major impediments to the development of Iraq’s security forces. The first is the ongoing influence of Ba’athist ideology and operating procedures. The speed with which the Iraqi army was reconstituted after 2003 meant that up to 70% of the new officer corps had served in the former Iraqi army. This led US Colonel Timothy Reese, who was in July 2009 chief of the Baghdad Operations Command Advisory Team, to claim that a Ba’athist– Soviet military culture remained entrenched and ‘will not change’. This culture, he argued, led to the neglect and mistreatment of enlisted men, a lack of initiative, and the extreme centralisation of command and control. The second obstacle is corruption. In the aftermath of the devastating truck bombings in Baghdad on 19 August 2009 which left 95 dead and 500 injured, reports pointed to corrupt military officers taking bribes to let truck bombs through the security cordon which surrounds the centre of Baghdad. According to Reese, ‘corruption among officers is widespread’ with ‘cronyism and nepotism rampant in the assignment and promotion system’. In 2008, Iraq’s own government anti-corruption watchdog, the Commission on Public Integrity, opened 736 cases into corruption involving the Ministry of Interior which controls both the national and local police. US and Iraqi authorities have attempted to limit corruption in the security forces by conducting personnel audits of both the army and police to purge them of ‘ghost employees’, fictitious policemen and soldiers whose wages are stolen by senior officers. Reports suggest that up to 25% of the Ministry of Defence’s payroll is stolen in this way. Sectarian and religious divisions among rankand-file and mid-level officers represent the final weakness constraining Iraqi security forces’ ability to operate effectively. Given that Iraq was mired in civil conflict until at least the end of 2007, it is hardly surprising that sectarian tensions still exist. The worst excesses, which in 2005–06 saw the national police and some units of the army repeatedly accused of ethnic cleansing and sectarian murder, have now stopped. However, Major General (retd) Najim Abed al-Jabouri, an officer in the former Iraqi Air Defense forces, who has also held the posts of police chief and mayor of Tal Afar in Ninevah Province, argued in August 2009 that the politicisation of the Iraqi security services by ethno-sectarian parties posed the largest obstacle to their becoming a genuinely professional and truly national force. Al-Jabouri argued that Iraqi army divisions in five of Iraq’s provinces – Kut, Diwanya, Salahadeen, Anbar and Diyala – have been weakened by the malign influence of various political parties. Reese agreed, pointing to the Iraqi army’s inability to stand up to the Shia political parties as a major source of its weakness. But in spite of the many factors impeding the ability of the security services to operate effectively, progress has undoubtedly been made. As noted above, both the army and national police are no longer active players in sectarian violence. And the Iraqi army, alongside its US counterpart, has played a major role in reducing the violence that dominated the country in 2006–07. In order for the security forces to progress further, sustained investment by Baghdad will be needed over the next decade, in spite of fluctuating oil prices. Over the same period, the US and NATO will need to conduct training missions to increase the skills and infrastructure of the armed forces, and also to limit the politicisation of the army and especially the national police. International troop presence At the end of 2009, NATO’s training mission in Iraq currently consisted of up to 200 personnel from 14 nations, with teams within Iraqi Training and Doctrine Command, the Iraqi Military Academy at Ar-Rustamiyah and Iraqi Ground Forces Command, among other locations. The UK Royal Navy’s contribution to the international naval training team represents the last substantial British military presence in Iraq, following its withdrawal of personnel and equip-
Map 2 iraq BAGHDAD 3 2 1 6 9 XX IA XX IA 11 Estimated strengths as at November 2009 Total Iraqi Military Forces: 191,957 Iraqi Army: 186,957 Iraqi Air Force: 2000 Iraqi Navy: 3,000 Country Operation Troop total Australia Bilateral 80 Bulgaria NTM-I 2 Denmark Bilateral 27 " NTM-I 10 Estonia NTM-I 3 Hungary NTM-I 4 Italy NTM-I 91 Lithuania NTM-I 4 Netherlands NTM-I 7 Poland NTM-I 3 Romania NTM-I 3 Turkey NTM-I 2 UK ITAM-N* 75 " NTM-I 15 Ukraine NTM-I 9 United States MNF-I/USF-I 120,000 " NTM-I 12 Total ε120,347 Totals vary and are subject to force rotation. MNF-I = Multi-National Force-Iraq NTM-I = NATO Training Mission-Iraq *Iraqi Training and Advisory Mission–Navy XX IA SAUDI ARABIA Force boundary IA Iraqi Army IA Iraqi Army (Mechanised) XX Division TURKEY DOHUK ment in mid 2009. This Iraqi Training and Advisory Mission (Navy) (Umm Qasr) is reported to consist of around 100 UK and US personnel. Following the Iraqi parliament’s delayed sanctioning of an agreement between London and Baghdad regulating the presence of the UK contingent, British personnel had to relocate to Kuwait and Bahrain, only returning to Iraq in mid October. Their mission is to train, mentor and 7 Dohuk XX ERBIL XX 2 IA 3 IA Mosul Al Kasik 11 Erbil MUTHANNA Middle East and North Africa Disposition of major US forces, October 2009 1 4th SCBT/2nd Inf 2 1st HBCT/1st Cav 3 30th HBCT ARNG 4 2nd HBCT/1st Cav 5 4th IBCT/1st Inf 6 3rd SBCT/2nd Inf 7 1st AB IBCT/82nd AB* 8 2nd IBCT/10th Mtn 9 172nd Inf Bde 10 4th HBCT/1st Arm 11 3rd HBCT/1st Cav *AAB MULTI-NATIONAL DIV – NORTH 4 Kirkuk Suleimaniya NINEVA TA’MIM XX SULEIMANIYA SALAHUDDIN 4 IA 5 Tikrit 12 XX IA XX IA Samarra XX Balad 5 IA MULTI-NATIONAL Baquba DIV – BAGHDAD 6 IRAN MULTI-NATIONAL DIV – WEST Ramadi 1 Falluja XX 7 IA 17 XX IA DIYALA BAGHDAD 8 WASIT ANBAR Karbala 9 BABIL Hilla KARBALA 8 XX IA Kut MAYSAN Najaf Diwaniya QADISIYA Amara NAJAF Samawa 10 DHI-QAR XX IA Shatra Nasiriya 10 MULTI-NATIONAL DIV – SOUTH BASRA KUWAIT Basra 14 XX IA 237 © IISS equip the personnel of the Iraqi navy and marines. On 30 April, coinciding with the flag-lowering ceremony for British forces in Basra, Iraqi naval forces took over responsibility for the protection of the Khawr al-Amaya and Basra oil terminals, as well as the ports of Umm Qasr and al-Zubair, though they remain dependent on the presence of foreign militaries’ frigates and destroyers. The Iraqi navy, mean- Middle East and North Africa
Page 3 and 4:
The Military Balance 2010 Editor’
Page 5 and 6:
The Military Balance 2010 Preface T
Page 7 and 8:
Units and formation strength Compan
Page 9 and 10:
Principal Aviation Equipment De�n
Page 11 and 12:
Construction, Research and Developm
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter One North America THE UNITE
Page 15 and 16:
tion execution procedures’. There
Page 17 and 18:
and network kits for the HMMWV. Whi
Page 19 and 20:
tion brigade roughly quintuples the
Page 21 and 22:
light of the forthcoming demographi
Page 23 and 24:
FY2010 National Defence Process In
Page 25 and 26:
North America Table 7 US National D
Page 27 and 28:
Cbt Engr 1 regt MP 4 coy Log 10 bn
Page 29 and 30:
SUDAN UN • UNMIS (Operation Safar
Page 31 and 32:
Engr 4 bde Sig 1 bde Spt 8 spt bde,
Page 33 and 34:
Naval reserve Forces 109,222 (total
Page 35 and 36:
AAV 1,311 AAV-7A1 (all roles) ARTY
Page 37 and 38:
FORCES BY ROLE HQ (AF) 1 HQ located
Page 39 and 40:
FORCES BY ROLE Combined Service 1 H
Page 41 and 42:
IRAQ NATO • NTM-I 12 UN • UNAMI
Page 43 and 44:
Table 8 US Air Capability 2010 Airc
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Table 9 Selected US Arms Orders Fy2
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter Two Latin America and the C
Page 53 and 54:
II RM Mexicali, Baja California Reg
Page 55 and 56:
elationship will be affected follow
Page 57 and 58:
In March 2009, the 12 defence minis
Page 59 and 60:
systems, including 100,000 Kalashni
Page 61 and 62:
previous editions of The Military B
Page 63 and 64:
MRL 105mm 4 SLAM Pampero MOR 883: 8
Page 65 and 66:
WESTERN SAHARA UN • MINURSO 3 obs
Page 67 and 68:
LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT 19: AH 2 TPT
Page 69 and 70:
ABU 6: 1 Almirante Graca Aranah (li
Page 71 and 72:
TOWED 138: 105mm 90 M-101 155mm 48
Page 73 and 74:
Capabilities ACTIVE 285,220 (Army 2
Page 75 and 76:
RECCE 11: 6 Schweizer SA-2-37; 2 B-
Page 77 and 78:
TPT 12: 3 Yak-40; 3 An-24; 2 Il-76;
Page 79 and 80:
PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS 8 FRIG
Page 81 and 82:
AIRCRAFT • RECCE 1 O-2A Skymaster
Page 83 and 84:
EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT TPT 1 Y-
Page 85 and 86:
SAR/Tpt 2 flt with 4 AS-355N Ecureu
Page 87 and 88:
FTR 10: 8 F-5E Tiger II; 2 F-5F Tig
Page 89 and 90:
Capabilities ACTIVE 10,650 (Army 7,
Page 91 and 92:
AD SAM • MANPAD 298+: 70 SA-14 Gr
Page 93 and 94:
EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT 4 combat
Page 95 and 96:
DEPLOyMENT AFgHANISTAN UN • UNAMA
Page 97 and 98:
FORCES By ROLE Ftr/FGA 2 gp with Su
Page 99 and 100:
Latin America and the Caribbean Tab
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter Three Europe NATO Towards a
Page 103 and 104:
Table 13 EU Battlegroups year Semes
Page 105 and 106:
in Atalanta can arrest, detain and
Page 107 and 108:
NATO EUROPE - DEfENCE ECONOMICs Eco
Page 109 and 110:
underestimation of programme costs
Page 111 and 112:
Grand Coalition government incremen
Page 113 and 114:
ordered, and there is currently no
Page 115 and 116:
underfunded. In 2008, defence chief
Page 117 and 118:
Albania ALB albanian lek 2008 2009
Page 119 and 120:
fORCEs By ROLE AD/FGA/ Recce 2 (Tac
Page 121 and 122:
UTL: 6 Bell 206 JetRanger UAV Yastr
Page 123 and 124:
LIBERIA UN • UNMIL 3 sERBIA NATO
Page 125 and 126:
MRL 227mm 12 MLRS (in store awaitin
Page 127 and 128:
BOsNIA-HERzEgOVINA EU • EUFOR •
Page 129 and 130:
FF 9 D’Estienne d’Orves each wi
Page 131 and 132:
AfgHANIsTAN NATO • ISAF 3,095 (Op
Page 133 and 134:
APC 2,307 APC (T) 1,161: 200 Bv-206
Page 135 and 136:
fOREIgN fORCEs Canada NATO 287 Fran
Page 137 and 138:
Air force 31,500 (incl 11,000 consc
Page 139 and 140:
DEPLOyMENT Legal provisions for for
Page 141 and 142:
2 Luigi Durand de la Penne (ex-Anim
Page 143 and 144:
ALBANIA NATO 1 (HQ Tirana) Delegazi
Page 145 and 146:
SP 10 M1025A2 HMMWV with Javelin MA
Page 147 and 148:
MOR 43: 81mm 27 L16/M1 TOWED 120mm
Page 149 and 150:
of 19 to 21, and then up to 4-5 ref
Page 151 and 152:
Poland POL Polish Zloty z 2008 2009
Page 153 and 154:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Of CONgO UN •
Page 155 and 156:
sÃO TOME AND PRINCIPÉ Navy 1 Air
Page 157 and 158:
capabilities ACTIVE 16,531 (army 7,
Page 159 and 160:
capabilities ACTIVE 128,013 (army 7
Page 161 and 162:
APC (W) 18 Piranha AAV 19: 16 AAV-7
Page 163 and 164:
ORgANIsATIONs By sERVICE Army ε77,
Page 165 and 166:
TPT 77: 13 C-130B Hercules/C-130E H
Page 167 and 168:
Inf 13 bn SF 2 regt (SAS) AB 1 bn O
Page 169 and 170:
LC 24 RRC HELICOPTERS ATK/SPT 43: 6
Page 171 and 172:
NEPAL Army 280 (Gurkha trg org) NET
Page 173 and 174:
OSCE • Kosovo 1 FOrEIgn FOrCEs De
Page 175 and 176:
MSL • SSM ε4 SS-21 Scarab (Tochk
Page 177 and 178:
DEPLOyMEnT bOsnIA-hErzEgOInVA OSCE
Page 179 and 180:
AD • SAM 48 SP 6 SA-15 Gauntlet;
Page 181 and 182:
navy 2,000; 1,850 conscript (total
Page 183 and 184: coast Guard PATROL AND COASTAL COMB
Page 185 and 186: MOR 39: 120mm 39 AT • MSL • MAN
Page 187 and 188: Finland OSCE 1 France OSCE 1 German
Page 189 and 190: Decision on deployment of troops ab
Page 191 and 192: ut can also be used as HQ ship); 2
Page 193 and 194: TPT 20: 15 PC-6 Turbo-Porter; 1 Fal
Page 195 and 196: naval Infantry 3,000 Naval inf 1 bd
Page 197 and 198: Table 17 selected arms procurements
Page 209 and 210: Chapter Four Russia New defence ref
Page 211 and 212: 23 motor-rifle and tank divisions,
Page 213 and 214: government will be able to keep mee
Page 215 and 216: While the programme contained a lau
Page 217 and 218: he was therefore open-minded about
Page 219 and 220: ties of Russian military equipment.
Page 221 and 222: Tk 4 bde (each: 3 tk bn, 1 MR (BMP-
Page 223 and 224: SSM 1 regt with 8 SS-C-1B Sepal AD
Page 225 and 226: Tpt sqns with An-12 Cub/An-24 Coke/
Page 227 and 228: Arty 1 bde, SSM 1 bde with 12-18 SS
Page 229 and 230: Paramilitary 449,000 Federal Border
Page 233: Chapter Five Middle East and North
Page 237 and 238: governments before Iran was effecti
Page 239 and 240: key staff from Russia and the UK ow
Page 241 and 242: system specifically targeted to cou
Page 243 and 244: Algeria ALG Algerian Dinar D 2008 2
Page 245 and 246: ORGAnIsAtIOns by seRvICe Army 6,000
Page 247 and 248: navy ε8,500 (incl 2,000 Coast Guar
Page 249 and 250: WesteRn sAhARA UN • MINURSO 21 ob
Page 251 and 252: Air Force 30,000 (incl 12,000 Air D
Page 253 and 254: Israel ISR New israeli Shekel NS 20
Page 255 and 256: MSL ASM AGM-114 Hellfire; AGM-45 Sh
Page 257 and 258: demOCRAtIC RepUblIC OF COnGO UN •
Page 259 and 260: ARTY 516 TOWED 160: 105mm 21: 13 M-
Page 261 and 262: AMPHIBIOUS 4 LS 1 LST 1 Ibn Harissa
Page 263 and 264: Mech Inf 3 bde Inf 35 indep bn Mot
Page 265 and 266: APC 206 APC (T) 16: 6 FV 103 Sparta
Page 267 and 268: ARTY 89 SP 155mm 28 (AMX) Mk F3 TOW
Page 269 and 270: Hel 2 sqn with AS-532 Cougar (CSAR)
Page 271 and 272: AMPHIBIOUS • LS • LSM 3 Polnoch
Page 273 and 274: deplOyment CentRAl AFRICAn RepUblIC
Page 275 and 276: capabilities ACtIve 66,700 (Army 60
Page 277 and 278: Middle East and North Africa Table
Page 279 and 280: Middle East and North Africa Table
Page 281 and 282: Chapter Six Sub-Saharan Africa The
Page 283 and 284: { Regions: Deployment of mission HQ
Page 285 and 286:
December 2005) and the democratic e
Page 287 and 288:
training, technical and financial s
Page 289 and 290:
Table 26 South african defence budg
Page 291 and 292:
aircraft and SAM batteries to prote
Page 293 and 294:
paramilitary 10,000 rapid-reaction
Page 295 and 296:
eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT TPT 8: 1
Page 297 and 298:
deploymenT cenTral african republic
Page 299 and 300:
eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 6 combat
Page 301 and 302:
paramilitary 10,450 Presidential Gu
Page 303 and 304:
djibouti DJB Djiboutian Franc fr 20
Page 305 and 306:
MOR 120mm/160mm 100+ AT MSL • MAN
Page 307 and 308:
eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 14 comba
Page 309 and 310:
Ranger 1 bn Cdo 1 bn Arty 1 bn Engr
Page 311 and 312:
TRG up to 25: up to 5 Bulldog 103/B
Page 313 and 314:
Liaison sqn with Cessna 310; Cessna
Page 315 and 316:
eQuipmenT by Type RECCE BRDM-2; Fer
Page 317 and 318:
niger NER cFA Franc BceAO fr 2008 2
Page 319 and 320:
paramilitary ε82,000 coast Guard P
Page 321 and 322:
cenTral african republic/chad UN
Page 323 and 324:
puntland Armed Forces ε5-10,000; c
Page 325 and 326:
organiSaTionS by Service army 85,00
Page 327 and 328:
forceS by role Tk 1 bde Inf 5 bde A
Page 329 and 330:
forceS by role Army 5 div (each: up
Page 331 and 332:
GUNS • TOWED 116: 14.5mm 36 ZPU-1
Page 333 and 334:
Chapter Seven South and Central Asi
Page 335 and 336:
Pakistan Democratically elected Pre
Page 337 and 338:
Fonseka resigned as CDS on 12 Novem
Page 339 and 340:
S-300 air-defence batteries, beyond
Page 341 and 342:
AFGHANISTAN International concern g
Page 343 and 344:
Map 3 Afghanistan ISAF/OEF-A 1 RC-C
Page 345 and 346:
Fatalities 500 400 300 200 100 0 US
Page 347 and 348:
SOUTH ASIA - DEFENCE ECONOmICS Afte
Page 349 and 350:
Table 31 Indian Defence Budget by F
Page 351 and 352:
The biggest naval procurement agree
Page 353 and 354:
their finances’ but wish to repla
Page 355 and 356:
Australia 1,350; 1 inf BG with (1 m
Page 357 and 358:
TRG 30: 8 L-39ZA Albatros*; 10 PT-6
Page 359 and 360:
Navy 58,350 (incl 7,000 Naval Avn a
Page 361 and 362:
Mirage/M-2000TH (M-2000ED) Mirage (
Page 363 and 364:
GUN/MOR 120mm 25 2S9 Anona MRL 380:
Page 365 and 366:
Police Force 47,000 SELECTED NON-ST
Page 367 and 368:
Cadres School and PAF Academy are D
Page 369 and 370:
Air Force 28,000 (incl SLAF Regt) F
Page 371 and 372:
HELICOPTERS ATK 10 Mi-24 Hind SPT 8
Page 373 and 374:
South and Central Asia Table 32 Sel
Page 375 and 376:
Chapter Eight East Asia and Austral
Page 377 and 378:
Map 4 China: military regions and m
Page 379 and 380:
JAPAN Japan’s defence policy in
Page 381 and 382:
training and deployments. Naval ele
Page 383 and 384:
months, including that of a C-�
Page 385 and 386:
Australia’s Force 2030: Key capab
Page 387 and 388:
for the ��-year period of the W
Page 389 and 390:
International Monetary Fund (IMF) r
Page 391 and 392:
column C, data are converted into U
Page 393 and 394:
Inf 6 bde HQ (4/5/8/9/11/13) each w
Page 395 and 396:
Brunei BRN Brunei Dollar B$ 2008 20
Page 397 and 398:
Capabilities ACTIVE 2,285,000 (Army
Page 399 and 400:
Navy ε215,000; 40,000 conscript (t
Page 401 and 402:
East Sea Fleet Coastal defence from
Page 403 and 404:
Fiji FJI Fijian Dollar F$ 2008 2009
Page 405 and 406:
TPT 23: 3 CN-235M; 2 DHC-5 Buffalo;
Page 407 and 408:
Maritime Self- Defense Force 42,400
Page 409 and 410:
PCC 60 PC-Type PCI 174: 170 CL-Type
Page 411 and 412:
Tpt regts with An-2 Colt to infiltr
Page 413 and 414:
UTL 5 F406 Caravan II HELICOPTERS A
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Customs Service PATROL AND COASTAL
Page 419 and 420:
FGA 22 A-5M (Q-5II) Fantan TPT 15:
Page 421 and 422:
FOREIGN FORCES Australia Army 38; 1
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) Army 3 t
Page 427 and 428:
Fokker 50 • Makung Air Base Comma
Page 429 and 430:
MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASUR
Page 431 and 432:
RESERVES 5,000,000 ORGANISATIONS BY
Page 433 and 434:
East Asia and Australasia Table 35
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Chapter Nine Country comparisons -
Page 441 and 442:
Table 36 UN Deployments 2009-2010 l
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
Page 449 and 450:
Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
Page 451 and 452:
index of contributing nations Alban
Page 453 and 454:
Number deployed 110,000 90,000 70,0
Page 455 and 456:
Table 38 Selected training activity
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Country comparisons Table 39 Intern
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Table 43 Global Arms Transfer Agree
Page 469 and 470:
Table 47 Selected Operational Milit
Page 471 and 472:
Chapter Ten Reforming India’s def
Page 473 and 474:
develop a fifth-generation fighter
Page 475 and 476:
Table 48: Major Current Domestic De
Page 477 and 478:
Part two Reference table 49 Designa
Page 479 and 480:
Reference Type Name/designation Cou
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
table 50 List of Abbreviations for
Page 487 and 488:
NCO non-commissioned officer NLACM
Page 489 and 490:
Index of Country/Territory Abbrevia
show all

Editor's Foreword

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?