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234 The MiliTaRy Balance 2010 Table 22 selected arms procurements and deliveries, Russia Designation Type Quantity contract Value Yak-130 AJT (Advanced Jet Trainer) Mi-28N Night Hunter Ka-52 Hokum-B Atk/recce hel Supplier country Prime contractor Order Date First Delivery Due notes Trg ac 200 _ Dom Yakolev 2005 2015 To replace current L-39. Purchase to begin 2009 following flight testing Hel 8 _ Dom Rostvertol 2005 2009 Plans for 45 to 67 Mi-28N. Delivery status unclear 30 _ Dom Progress 2008 2009 Twin-seat version of Ka-50 Black Shark For air force. Final delivery 2012. Delivery status unclear Searcher II UAV US$50m _ ISR IAI 2009 _ Contract incl I-View 150 and Bird-Eye 400
Chapter Five Middle East and North Africa IRAQ In mid November 2008, after a year of intense negotiations, the United States and the Iraqi government signed a Status of Forces Agreement and a Strategic Framework Agreement, in a bid to formalise relations between the two sovereign states for the first time since the 2003 invasion and subsequent regime change. These agreements set out an unambiguous timetable for Iraq’s security forces to take sole responsibility for law and order across the whole country. At the end of June 2009, US forces withdrew from all of Iraq’s cities, towns and villages, and by December 2009, the US military’s role in Iraq will have evolved into an assistance, training and advisory mission. By August 2010, the US troop presence is due to fall from the current 120,000 to 50,000. Under Article 24 of the new US–Iraq treaty, ‘all US forces are to be withdrawn from all Iraqi territory, water and airspace’ by the end of December 2011. Iraqi security forces With such a rigid timetable for the complete removal of all US combat troops, Iraq’s future stability lies in the hands of its own army and police force. This is a daunting responsibility for a military force less than seven years old. In May 2003, the US occupation authority disbanded the old Iraqi army, thereby hastening Iraq’s descent into an insurgency and civil war that lasted until at least 2007. Realising its error, the US quickly attempted to build a new and effective Iraqi military force. As of April 2009, Iraq’s security forces employed around 600,000 personnel, spread between the interior and defence ministries, as well as the Iraqi National Counter-Terrorism Force. Officially, their command and control is centred on the Iraqi Joint Forces Command, which reports to the National Operations Centre in Baghdad. However, since his appointment in 2006 Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has subverted the formal chain of command, tying senior army commanders and paramilitary units to him personally. This has been achieved, firstly, through the creation of the Office of the Commander in Chief (see The Military Balance 2008, pp. 228–9). Maliki has used this platform to appoint and promote senior officers loyal to him. Secondly, Maliki has used a number of operational commands to bring both the army and the police force together under one regional organisation and appointed a favoured general to run each centre. To date, command centres have been created in Baghdad, Basra, Diyala, Karbala and Samarra, allowing the prime minister to control the security forces in five of Iraq’s most important provinces. In addition, in April 2007, as control of Iraq’s special forces was handed from the US to the Iraqi government, a Counter-terrorism Bureau was set up to manage special forces at ministerial level, effectively placing them under the direct control of the prime minister. Lack of autonomous capacity The main focus of American attempts to reconstitute an indigenous security force has been the Iraqi army. Iraq currently has 13 infantry divisions and one mechanised division. Its ground force includes 185 fully trained battalions and over 55 brigades. Although all military operations are now conducted in conjunction with the Iraqi army, the US Department of Defense has indicated that the Iraqi military only takes the lead in areas of the country where the security threat is low. In terms of operational readiness, the US military estimates that the vast majority of Iraq’s security forces are at ‘level two’, which means they are capable of conducting counter-insurgency operations only with US assistance, or ‘level three’, which means they can operate only in conjunction with US forces. There are several reasons for this continued lack of autonomous capacity: the relatively short time since this army was created; poor levels of education among rank-and-file soldiers (25% of soldiers do not meet the army’s own educational standards and 15% are illiterate); and a shortage of junior and non-commissioned officers capable of leading troops into battle. The Iraqi army is still dependent upon the US military for close air support and communications, intelligence, surveillance and logistical infrastructure. These technical shortcomings could be overcome through extended investment and training, but US military trainers and advisers are concerned that the invest- Middle East and North Africa
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The Military Balance 2010 Editor’
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The Military Balance 2010 Preface T
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Units and formation strength Compan
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Principal Aviation Equipment De�n
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Construction, Research and Developm
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Chapter One North America THE UNITE
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tion execution procedures’. There
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and network kits for the HMMWV. Whi
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tion brigade roughly quintuples the
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light of the forthcoming demographi
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FY2010 National Defence Process In
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North America Table 7 US National D
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Cbt Engr 1 regt MP 4 coy Log 10 bn
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SUDAN UN • UNMIS (Operation Safar
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Engr 4 bde Sig 1 bde Spt 8 spt bde,
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Naval reserve Forces 109,222 (total
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AAV 1,311 AAV-7A1 (all roles) ARTY
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FORCES BY ROLE HQ (AF) 1 HQ located
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FORCES BY ROLE Combined Service 1 H
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IRAQ NATO • NTM-I 12 UN • UNAMI
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Table 8 US Air Capability 2010 Airc
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Table 9 Selected US Arms Orders Fy2
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Chapter Two Latin America and the C
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II RM Mexicali, Baja California Reg
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elationship will be affected follow
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In March 2009, the 12 defence minis
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systems, including 100,000 Kalashni
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previous editions of The Military B
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MRL 105mm 4 SLAM Pampero MOR 883: 8
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WESTERN SAHARA UN • MINURSO 3 obs
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LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT 19: AH 2 TPT
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ABU 6: 1 Almirante Graca Aranah (li
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TOWED 138: 105mm 90 M-101 155mm 48
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Capabilities ACTIVE 285,220 (Army 2
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RECCE 11: 6 Schweizer SA-2-37; 2 B-
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TPT 12: 3 Yak-40; 3 An-24; 2 Il-76;
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PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS 8 FRIG
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AIRCRAFT • RECCE 1 O-2A Skymaster
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EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT TPT 1 Y-
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SAR/Tpt 2 flt with 4 AS-355N Ecureu
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FTR 10: 8 F-5E Tiger II; 2 F-5F Tig
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Capabilities ACTIVE 10,650 (Army 7,
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AD SAM • MANPAD 298+: 70 SA-14 Gr
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EQUIPMENT By TyPE AIRCRAFT 4 combat
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DEPLOyMENT AFgHANISTAN UN • UNAMA
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FORCES By ROLE Ftr/FGA 2 gp with Su
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Latin America and the Caribbean Tab
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Chapter Three Europe NATO Towards a
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Table 13 EU Battlegroups year Semes
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in Atalanta can arrest, detain and
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NATO EUROPE - DEfENCE ECONOMICs Eco
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underestimation of programme costs
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Grand Coalition government incremen
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ordered, and there is currently no
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underfunded. In 2008, defence chief
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Albania ALB albanian lek 2008 2009
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fORCEs By ROLE AD/FGA/ Recce 2 (Tac
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UTL: 6 Bell 206 JetRanger UAV Yastr
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LIBERIA UN • UNMIL 3 sERBIA NATO
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MRL 227mm 12 MLRS (in store awaitin
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BOsNIA-HERzEgOVINA EU • EUFOR •
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FF 9 D’Estienne d’Orves each wi
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AfgHANIsTAN NATO • ISAF 3,095 (Op
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APC 2,307 APC (T) 1,161: 200 Bv-206
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fOREIgN fORCEs Canada NATO 287 Fran
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Air force 31,500 (incl 11,000 consc
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DEPLOyMENT Legal provisions for for
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2 Luigi Durand de la Penne (ex-Anim
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ALBANIA NATO 1 (HQ Tirana) Delegazi
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SP 10 M1025A2 HMMWV with Javelin MA
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MOR 43: 81mm 27 L16/M1 TOWED 120mm
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of 19 to 21, and then up to 4-5 ref
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Poland POL Polish Zloty z 2008 2009
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Of CONgO UN •
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sÃO TOME AND PRINCIPÉ Navy 1 Air
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capabilities ACTIVE 16,531 (army 7,
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capabilities ACTIVE 128,013 (army 7
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APC (W) 18 Piranha AAV 19: 16 AAV-7
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ORgANIsATIONs By sERVICE Army ε77,
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TPT 77: 13 C-130B Hercules/C-130E H
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Inf 13 bn SF 2 regt (SAS) AB 1 bn O
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LC 24 RRC HELICOPTERS ATK/SPT 43: 6
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NEPAL Army 280 (Gurkha trg org) NET
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OSCE • Kosovo 1 FOrEIgn FOrCEs De
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MSL • SSM ε4 SS-21 Scarab (Tochk
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DEPLOyMEnT bOsnIA-hErzEgOInVA OSCE
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AD • SAM 48 SP 6 SA-15 Gauntlet;
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Page 183 and 184: coast Guard PATROL AND COASTAL COMB
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Page 193 and 194: TPT 20: 15 PC-6 Turbo-Porter; 1 Fal
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Page 209 and 210: Chapter Four Russia New defence ref
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Page 221 and 222: Tk 4 bde (each: 3 tk bn, 1 MR (BMP-
Page 223 and 224: SSM 1 regt with 8 SS-C-1B Sepal AD
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Page 227 and 228: Arty 1 bde, SSM 1 bde with 12-18 SS
Page 229 and 230: Paramilitary 449,000 Federal Border
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Page 235 and 236: Map 2 iraq BAGHDAD 3 2 1 6 9 XX IA
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Page 245 and 246: ORGAnIsAtIOns by seRvICe Army 6,000
Page 247 and 248: navy ε8,500 (incl 2,000 Coast Guar
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{ Regions: Deployment of mission HQ
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December 2005) and the democratic e
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training, technical and financial s
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Table 26 South african defence budg
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aircraft and SAM batteries to prote
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paramilitary 10,000 rapid-reaction
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT TPT 8: 1
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deploymenT cenTral african republic
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 6 combat
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paramilitary 10,450 Presidential Gu
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djibouti DJB Djiboutian Franc fr 20
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MOR 120mm/160mm 100+ AT MSL • MAN
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eQuipmenT by Type AIRCRAFT 14 comba
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Ranger 1 bn Cdo 1 bn Arty 1 bn Engr
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TRG up to 25: up to 5 Bulldog 103/B
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Liaison sqn with Cessna 310; Cessna
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eQuipmenT by Type RECCE BRDM-2; Fer
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niger NER cFA Franc BceAO fr 2008 2
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paramilitary ε82,000 coast Guard P
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cenTral african republic/chad UN
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puntland Armed Forces ε5-10,000; c
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organiSaTionS by Service army 85,00
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forceS by role Tk 1 bde Inf 5 bde A
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forceS by role Army 5 div (each: up
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GUNS • TOWED 116: 14.5mm 36 ZPU-1
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Chapter Seven South and Central Asi
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Pakistan Democratically elected Pre
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Fonseka resigned as CDS on 12 Novem
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S-300 air-defence batteries, beyond
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AFGHANISTAN International concern g
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Map 3 Afghanistan ISAF/OEF-A 1 RC-C
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Fatalities 500 400 300 200 100 0 US
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SOUTH ASIA - DEFENCE ECONOmICS Afte
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Table 31 Indian Defence Budget by F
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The biggest naval procurement agree
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their finances’ but wish to repla
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Australia 1,350; 1 inf BG with (1 m
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TRG 30: 8 L-39ZA Albatros*; 10 PT-6
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Navy 58,350 (incl 7,000 Naval Avn a
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Mirage/M-2000TH (M-2000ED) Mirage (
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GUN/MOR 120mm 25 2S9 Anona MRL 380:
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Police Force 47,000 SELECTED NON-ST
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Cadres School and PAF Academy are D
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Air Force 28,000 (incl SLAF Regt) F
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HELICOPTERS ATK 10 Mi-24 Hind SPT 8
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South and Central Asia Table 32 Sel
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Chapter Eight East Asia and Austral
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Map 4 China: military regions and m
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JAPAN Japan’s defence policy in
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training and deployments. Naval ele
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months, including that of a C-�
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Australia’s Force 2030: Key capab
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for the ��-year period of the W
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International Monetary Fund (IMF) r
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column C, data are converted into U
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Inf 6 bde HQ (4/5/8/9/11/13) each w
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Brunei BRN Brunei Dollar B$ 2008 20
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Capabilities ACTIVE 2,285,000 (Army
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Navy ε215,000; 40,000 conscript (t
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East Sea Fleet Coastal defence from
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Fiji FJI Fijian Dollar F$ 2008 2009
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TPT 23: 3 CN-235M; 2 DHC-5 Buffalo;
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Maritime Self- Defense Force 42,400
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PCC 60 PC-Type PCI 174: 170 CL-Type
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Tpt regts with An-2 Colt to infiltr
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UTL 5 F406 Caravan II HELICOPTERS A
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Customs Service PATROL AND COASTAL
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FGA 22 A-5M (Q-5II) Fantan TPT 15:
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FOREIGN FORCES Australia Army 38; 1
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TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) Army 3 t
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Fokker 50 • Makung Air Base Comma
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MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASUR
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RESERVES 5,000,000 ORGANISATIONS BY
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East Asia and Australasia Table 35
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Chapter Nine Country comparisons -
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Table 36 UN Deployments 2009-2010 l
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Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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Table 37 Non-UN Deployments 2009-20
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index of contributing nations Alban
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Number deployed 110,000 90,000 70,0
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Table 38 Selected training activity
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Country comparisons Table 39 Intern
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Table 43 Global Arms Transfer Agree
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Table 47 Selected Operational Milit
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Chapter Ten Reforming India’s def
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develop a fifth-generation fighter
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Table 48: Major Current Domestic De
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Part two Reference table 49 Designa
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Reference Type Name/designation Cou
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table 50 List of Abbreviations for
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NCO non-commissioned officer NLACM
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Index of Country/Territory Abbrevia
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