was the domestic <strong>violence</strong> or the PTSD symptoms, or a combination <strong>of</strong> both, representedsignificant barriers to leading happy and healthy lives, over and above the direct impacts <strong>of</strong>domestic <strong>violence</strong> per se.This study raised a number <strong>of</strong> implications regarding the concept <strong>of</strong> PTSD and its relevanceto battered women. The diagnosis <strong>of</strong> PTSD may help them make sense <strong>of</strong>, and normalise theirexperience. However, the ‘label’ PTSD could pathologise and encourage others to see themas deficient or damaged.In the second part <strong>of</strong> this study, a survey was mailed to 22 Family Court approved domestic<strong>violence</strong> programme providers. The findings show that very few include information ordiscussion about PTSD in their programme content when they discuss the effects <strong>of</strong> domestic<strong>violence</strong>. Study findings suggest that staff running domestic <strong>violence</strong> programmes lacktraining in this area.Source: Authors abstractMcDonald, A. (1998). Sexual abuse and recovered memory: A review <strong>of</strong> literature. New ZealandJournal <strong>of</strong> Counselling, 19(1), 1-16.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13071.pubTopic Areas: Sexual abuse, Victims/survivors, Prevention/intervention/treatment, CulturalpracticeAbstract: This article presents a literature review about sexual abuse and recoveredmemories. The author provides an overview <strong>of</strong> literature addressing forgetting and repressedmemories <strong>of</strong> sexual abuse, trauma, remembering, and age <strong>of</strong> recollection <strong>of</strong> instances <strong>of</strong>sexual abuse. Various approaches to working with victims <strong>of</strong> sexual abuse are discussed,including the role <strong>of</strong> the therapist in this process. This article also reviews recommendationsfor future <strong>research</strong> in the area <strong>of</strong> sexual abuse and recovered memories.McDonald, A., & Webb, S. B. (1998). Recovering memories <strong>of</strong> sexual abuse: Clients’ experiences <strong>of</strong>therapy. New Zealand Journal <strong>of</strong> Counselling, 19(1), 17-30.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13062.pubTopic Areas: Sexual abuse, Women, Prevention/intervention/treatment, Cultural practiceAbstract: This article presents findings and discussions about recovered memories <strong>of</strong> sexualabuse. The data informing this article comes from 4 female Pakeha participants, who all hadcorroborative evidence <strong>of</strong> the abuse. The methodology was exploratory and qualitative, andemployed a semi-structured interview process. Discussions were held around the participants’experiences <strong>of</strong> first remembering repressed sexual abuse and the consequential effects <strong>of</strong> this.Consideration is given to participants’ experiences with counsellors, and their comments onthe qualities and attributes <strong>of</strong> therapists’ practice are explored. Limitations <strong>of</strong> the findings,especially with regards to the small sample size, are acknowledged. The findings <strong>of</strong> this studyindicate that participants had both empowering and disempowering experiences withtherapists. There was a general agreement over some preferred therapy aspects, andparticipants suggested characteristics and qualities <strong>of</strong> therapy they found desirable.McDonald, E. (1996, November). ‘A relationship in the nature <strong>of</strong> marriage’. New Zealand LawJournal, 423-424.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12944.pub114
Topic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Financial exploitation, Women, Victims/survivors,JusticeAbstract: This article examines the court ruling <strong>of</strong> Isabella Ruka, charged for DomesticPurposes Benefit fraud in 1995, and explores the context <strong>of</strong> intimate partner <strong>violence</strong> andbattered woman’s syndrome in this situation. This author argues that the two essentialelements in "a relationship in the nature <strong>of</strong> marriage", namely emotional commitment andfinancial interdependence, were not fulfilled in this case due to the severe and ongoing<strong>violence</strong> perpetrated by Ruka’s partner. This article explores whether the existence <strong>of</strong>domestic <strong>violence</strong> justifies the dismissal <strong>of</strong> fraud charges in this instance.McDonald, E. (1997, December). Battered woman syndrome. New Zealand Law Journal, 436-438.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12958.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Women, Justice, Mental healthAbstract: This article examines battered woman syndrome (BWS) and its relevance as adefence in legal cases. The author describes BWS as a subtype <strong>of</strong> post traumatic stressdisorder, and how this can lead to ‘learned helplessness’. Examples <strong>of</strong> cases where BWS hasbeen used as evidence in a woman’s defence are provided. The author argues that it may bepertinent for jurors and judges to have knowledge <strong>of</strong> BWS in order to understand why somewomen fail to leave violent relationships. However, <strong>of</strong>ten the difficulty lies in providingevidence <strong>of</strong> this contextual information imperative to understanding the specificities <strong>of</strong> eachcase.McDonald, E. (1997). Defending abused women: Beginning a critique <strong>of</strong> New Zealand criminal law.Victoria University <strong>of</strong> Wellington Law Review, 27(4), 673-696.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12989.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Physical abuse, Sexual abuse, Homicide, Women,Justice, LegislationAbstract: This article addresses the context <strong>of</strong> abuse in which women <strong>of</strong>fend, particularly incases where women kill their abusive partners. Legal defences that apply to male <strong>of</strong>fendingpertain to women also, and the author examines whether provocation, self-defence,automatism or insanity are adequate defences for women who <strong>of</strong>fend as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>violence</strong>.The article suggests that men and women have differing motivations for criminal <strong>of</strong>fending,so the justice system must take account <strong>of</strong> gender, and consider the pervasive physical andpsychological effects <strong>of</strong> abuse. Legal cases are used as examples to illustrate the application<strong>of</strong> different types <strong>of</strong> defence, and to highlight the lack <strong>of</strong> understanding in the court system <strong>of</strong>the dynamics <strong>of</strong> abuse in instances <strong>of</strong> homicide.McDonald, E. (1997, November). Women <strong>of</strong>fenders and compulsion. New Zealand Law Journal, 402-404.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13114.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Child abuse and neglect, Child homicide, Women,Perpetrators/<strong>of</strong>fenders, Justice, LegislationAbstract: This article explores situations where women have not protected their childrenfrom abuse. Two case studies are used to illustrate this issue, including those <strong>of</strong> Tania Witikaand Lavinia Manukau. The male partners <strong>of</strong> these two women were convicted <strong>of</strong> the murder115
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OFNEW ZEALAN
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IntroductionThis is an annotated bi
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See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/11879.pubTopi
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abused. The author provides an anal
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Ball, J. (1997). Male sexual abuse:
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Topic Areas: Child abuse and neglec
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(1995). The Guardianship Amendment
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their children’s lives and upbrin
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and Employment, Hon. Steve Maharey.
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Abstract: This conference paper det
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violence incidents and people (offe
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less attention than other forms of
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Topic Areas: Intimate partner abuse
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jurisdiction, this paper discusses
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ehaviours, and explores current app
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of New Zealand’s care and protect
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family decision making that incorpo
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delivered based upon Maori conceptu
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Cribb, J., & Barnett, R. (1999). Be
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intervention/treatment, Intersector
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professionals involved; however, th
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findings of the study present discu
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articulation of reasons for decisio
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and s16(b) of the Guardianship Act
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Abstract: This report provides an e
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familial relationships are also cit
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Topic Areas: Sexual abuse, Adolesce
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Smith did not consider the historic
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Waikato regions and replicates the
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Children as victims, Mental healthA
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- Page 80 and 81: See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13263.pubTopi
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- Page 118 and 119: that influenced child abuse investi
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- Page 128 and 129: See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13017.pubTopi
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- Page 138 and 139: ecommendations for future research
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violence: Lessons from Duluth and b
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towards others; poorer cognitive de
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discipline tactics, and public awar
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Strang, H., & Braithwaite, J. (Eds.
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concludes that if social workers an
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egarding CYFS responsiveness to Mao
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Abstract: This article debates the
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elationship, less satisfied with th
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presented significant victim specif
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areas in which some governments pri
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Wood, B., & Kunze, K. (2004). Makin
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Abstract: This article begins with