<strong>violence</strong> incidents and people (<strong>of</strong>fenders and victims) dealt with by the police; to analyse thecriminal justice system’s response to these; and to explore the extent to which recent policepolicy developments have improved the situation for victims <strong>of</strong> domestic <strong>violence</strong>. On thebasis <strong>of</strong> an analysis <strong>of</strong> 270 police files and interviews with 24 victims <strong>of</strong> domestic <strong>violence</strong>,the findings <strong>of</strong> this <strong>research</strong> suggest that police policies focused solely on arrest andprosecution without regard to the needs <strong>of</strong> all victims <strong>of</strong> domestic <strong>violence</strong>. A number <strong>of</strong>recommendations are identified in an attempt to improve the situation <strong>of</strong> victims <strong>of</strong> domestic<strong>violence</strong> and make the criminal justice system more responsive to the needs <strong>of</strong> victims. Theserecommendations are made with respect to police policy and practice, court practices,counselling options, culturally appropriate interventions, and primary preventioninterventions.Source: Author’s abstractCargo, T., Cram, F., Dixon, R., Widdowson, D., & Adair, V. (2002). Evaluation <strong>of</strong> programmes forchildren under the Domestic Violence Act 1995. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry <strong>of</strong>Justice. Retrieved December 1, 2005, from http://www.justice.govt.nz/pubs/reports/2002/children-dva-act/index.htmlSee: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12812.pubTopic Areas: Children, Children as victims, Children as witnesses, Maori, Protection orders,Legislation, Prevention/intervention/treatmentAbstract: This report was commissioned by the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Justice and the Department forCourts as part <strong>of</strong> a contract with UniServices at the University <strong>of</strong> Auckland. The aim <strong>of</strong> thereport was to conduct <strong>research</strong> <strong>into</strong> programmes for children under the Domestic ViolenceAct (1995). One <strong>of</strong> the aims <strong>of</strong> the Domestic Violence Act (1995) is to provide programmesfor children who are protected persons, either as part <strong>of</strong> an adult protection order or in theirown right, and whose lives are affected by domestic <strong>violence</strong>. Three programmes wereselected for evaluation. They were selected as examples rather than being representative <strong>of</strong>the range <strong>of</strong> programmes available. The report is the final <strong>of</strong> a suite <strong>of</strong> evaluations whichtogether and separately provide a wealth <strong>of</strong> information on the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the DomesticViolence Act (1995). A comprehensive approach is taken, incorporating aspects <strong>of</strong> bothprocess and outcome evaluation. Documentation and qualitative analysis are employed inlooking at the ways in which programmes for children operate in practice, under the DomesticViolence Act (1995).The report and its conclusions must be interpreted with care due to thefact that the programmes evaluated are only three <strong>of</strong> a large number <strong>of</strong> programmes forchildren operating nationally.Carney, T. (1999). Abuse <strong>of</strong> enduring powers <strong>of</strong> attorney - lessons from the Australian tribunalexperiment? New Zealand Universities Law Review, 18(4), 481-508.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12950.pubTopic Areas: Financial exploitation, Older persons, Justice, LegislationAbstract: This article explores enduring powers <strong>of</strong> attorney, and compares systems <strong>of</strong>guardianship in New Zealand and Australia. The data discussed in this article stems from acomparative analysis <strong>of</strong> courts and tribunals dealing with issues <strong>of</strong> powers <strong>of</strong> attorney in bothNew Zealand and Australia. The author describes the function <strong>of</strong> enduring powers <strong>of</strong>attorney, and discusses how they can be misused and render the affected individual open toabuse. The findings from the study show that guardianship tribunals acknowledge the rights<strong>of</strong> the affected person more so than the Family Court. The author makes variousrecommendations to limit abuse <strong>of</strong> enduring powers <strong>of</strong> attorney, such as clearly establishing24
the competency <strong>of</strong> the individual, dual witnessing <strong>of</strong> documents, access to independent legaladvice, and educating pr<strong>of</strong>essionals and residential care workers who come <strong>into</strong> contact withexecutors <strong>of</strong> power <strong>of</strong> attorneys about potential abuses <strong>of</strong> adult guardianship laws.Carswell, S. L. (2001). Survey on public attitudes towards the physical discipline <strong>of</strong> children.Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry <strong>of</strong> Justice. Retrieved November 30, 2005, fromhttp://www.justice.govt.nz/pubs/reports/2001/children/See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12781.pubTopic Areas: Physical abuse, Families, Discipline/punishment, Demographics/statisticsAbstract: This report presents findings from a telephone survey canvassing 1,000 adults ontheir attitudes towards the physical discipline <strong>of</strong> children. This nationwide survey is purportedto be representative <strong>of</strong> New Zealand society’s views on the discipline <strong>of</strong> children. The aim <strong>of</strong>the survey was to inform the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Justice on policy matters, including the review <strong>of</strong>s59 <strong>of</strong> the Crimes Act (1961). For the purposes <strong>of</strong> the survey, physical discipline iscategorised <strong>into</strong> type <strong>of</strong> punishment, physical severity <strong>of</strong> punishment, and acceptability <strong>of</strong>punishment for different age groups <strong>of</strong> children. Demographic variables are further analysed,and comparisons are made between women and men, and different age and ethnic groups’attitudes towards the physical discipline <strong>of</strong> children. Socio-economic factors are alsoinvestigated, and some variance in beliefs were found across different occupational groups.Comparisons between the parenting status <strong>of</strong> respondents, including previous, current andnever parented, reveals differences in opinions on the physical discipline <strong>of</strong> children. Eightypercent <strong>of</strong> survey participants believed it was acceptable to smack children using an openhand. However, across society in general, it was found leaving marks on a child to beunfavourable.Cato, C. (2002, February). Criminal defences and battered defendants. New Zealand Law Journal, 35-40.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12984.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Homicide, Justice, LegislationAbstract: This article presents a review <strong>of</strong> the Law Commission’s 2001 report entitled SomeCriminal Defences with Particular Reference to Battered Defendants. The author provides acritique <strong>of</strong> the Law Commission’s recommendations in the report, such as abolishing bothmandatory life sentences and provocation as partial defence in cases <strong>of</strong> murder. TheCommission rejects diminished responsibility as a defence for battered women who murdertheir abusive partner. The author proposes that self-defence, provocation as partial defence,and diminished responsibility remain as valid legal arguments for domestic <strong>violence</strong> victimswho kill their abusive partner.Caton, A. (1999). Paying attention to neglect [Electronic version]. Social Work Now, (13), 11-18.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13280.pubTopic Areas: Neglect, Families, ChildrenAbstract: This article examines six forms <strong>of</strong> child neglect committed by parents orcaregivers: physical, medical, supervisory, emotional, educational, and abandonment. The<strong>research</strong> posits that, in general, neglect is a passive type <strong>of</strong> maltreatment with physical,psychological and sexual aspects. Neglect is the most common form <strong>of</strong> child maltreatment,although due to difficulties in measuring and defining this typology <strong>of</strong> abuse, it <strong>of</strong>ten attracts25
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