that influenced child abuse investigators’ decision to interview children, and to makecomparisons between sexually and physically abused children. Three hundred substantiatedcases <strong>of</strong> child abuse (150 sexual abuse and 150 physical abuse investigations) investigated bythe Department <strong>of</strong> Child, Youth and Family Services <strong>of</strong> New Zealand, prior to July 2001,were analysed. Children were most <strong>of</strong>ten physically abused by their biological parents, andmothers were marginally more <strong>of</strong>ten the abusers than were fathers. Child abuse investigators<strong>of</strong>ten tolerated physical assaults on children, particularly by mothers. Moreover, child abuseinvestigators did not routinely interview physically abused children or treat the abuse as acriminal matter, especially if there were complicating <strong>family</strong> dynamics. Sexually abusedchildren were usually victimised by unrelated, known males, less <strong>of</strong>ten by male relatives, andinfrequently by strangers, fathers, or step-fathers. Child abuse investigators usually did notrefer the young sexual <strong>of</strong>fenders to the authorities for follow-up. Social workers <strong>of</strong>ten did notmeet with sexually abused children, but instead usually referred them for a forensic interview.In both physical and sexual abuse cases, social workers were more likely to take action ifchildren had made clear disclosures <strong>of</strong> abuse. The majority <strong>of</strong> factors that influenced childabuse investigators’ decisions to interview children were related to practice issues, in sexualabuse cases, or tolerance <strong>of</strong> parental <strong>violence</strong> towards children, in physical abuse cases.Source: Author’s abstractMcLeod, S. (2001). Exploring the ‘second closet’: A discursive exploration <strong>into</strong> the silencing andacknowledgement <strong>of</strong> <strong>family</strong> <strong>violence</strong> within the bounds <strong>of</strong> lesbian relationships. Unpublishedmaster’s thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13179.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Same-sex partner abuse, Physical abuse,Psychological/emotional abuse, Families, Gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender people, Culturalfactors, Gender, Policy, Media <strong>violence</strong>, Social services, Prevention/intervention/treatmentAbstract: This thesis is an exploratory study <strong>into</strong> the ‘second closet’ from which lesbiansmust emerge in order to acknowledge the <strong>violence</strong> that they experience within the bounds <strong>of</strong> alesbian relationship. It examines the discursive strategies that Pakeha lesbians use toacknowledge and silence the existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>family</strong> <strong>violence</strong> in lesbian relationships. This<strong>research</strong> has been carried out under the broad theoretical umbrella <strong>of</strong> feminist <strong>research</strong> using adiscourse analytic method <strong>of</strong> analysis. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried outwith 10 self-identifying lesbians residing in Christchurch during 2000. All women in thestudy acknowledged the existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>family</strong> or domestic <strong>violence</strong> in lesbian relationships. Thedefinition <strong>of</strong> <strong>violence</strong> as gendered silenced the existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>violence</strong> within lesbianrelationships, as men perpetrate <strong>violence</strong> and women are victims <strong>of</strong> it. This gendereddefinition is described by all participants in this study and occurs on three levels: theindividual, the lesbian community and the generic community. The basis for future study,challenging social practices surrounding lesbian <strong>violence</strong>, informing training programmes toinclude lesbian <strong>violence</strong> and targeting lesbian domestic <strong>violence</strong> interventions to empower, isset, and recommendations for future study and changes in social practices are made.Source: Author’s abstractMcMaster, K. (1998). Identifying and assessing risk in men who have a history <strong>of</strong> <strong>violence</strong> towardstheir female partners. (Master’s thesis). Lyttelton, New Zealand: Ken McMaster &Associates.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12041.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Physical abuse, Perpetrators/<strong>of</strong>fenders, Social services,118
Prevention/intervention/treatment, Cultural practiceAbstract: The general aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to explore how workers in National Network <strong>of</strong>Stopping Violence Services (NZ) Inc./Te Kupenga Whakaoti Mahi Patunga member groupsassess risk <strong>of</strong> repeated <strong>violence</strong> in men accessing stopping <strong>violence</strong> programmes. The studyreports on risk factors identified within a sample <strong>of</strong> 373 men accessing a New Zealand-basedstopping <strong>violence</strong> programme. A survey <strong>of</strong> 23 workers running stopping <strong>violence</strong>programmes was undertaken to see if the risk factors that they saw as salient were consistentwith those identified in other <strong>research</strong>. The results indicate a tendency to focus uponcontextual indicators <strong>of</strong> risk at the expense <strong>of</strong> dispositional, historical and clinical indicators.Results also show that there are a number <strong>of</strong> constraints to the thorough assessment <strong>of</strong> risk inmen presenting at stopping <strong>violence</strong> programmes, which include: lack <strong>of</strong> time, competingdemands on time, lack <strong>of</strong> training in risk prediction, and a lack <strong>of</strong> consistent tools toundertake the task.Source: Author’s abstractMcMaster, K., Maxwell, G. M., & Anderson, T. L. (2000). Evaluation <strong>of</strong> community based stopping<strong>violence</strong> prevention programmes: Research report. New Zealand: Victoria University <strong>of</strong>Wellington, Institute <strong>of</strong> Criminology.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/11984.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Physical abuse, Psychological/emotional abuse,Families, Women, Children, Perpetrators/<strong>of</strong>fenders, Victims/survivors, Maori, Justice,Protection orders, Cultural factors, Mental health, Drug and alcohol abuse, Social services,Prevention/intervention/treatment, Cultural practice, Demographics/statisticsAbstract: The aim <strong>of</strong> this report is to ascertain programme effectiveness, and to informpolicy development and service requirements in the men’s stopping <strong>violence</strong> arena. Anevaluation <strong>of</strong> programmes and intervention models in Takapuna, Wanganui, Porirua andChristchurch was undertaken. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were utilisedto attain information about 83 male participants in these programmes. The informationobtained related to violent behaviours pre- and post-programme completion, <strong>family</strong> history,mental health, alcohol use and beliefs about women. Several methodological limitations arediscussed. The report deliberates how to best meet the goals <strong>of</strong> clients and significant others,and identifies factors that enhance programme implementation. Programme entry, completionand follow-up measures indicate a continual reduction in the perpetration <strong>of</strong> all forms <strong>of</strong>abuse. Responses <strong>of</strong> male participants and their significant others revealed differentialinterpretations <strong>of</strong> <strong>violence</strong>, including the extent, severity and perceived behavioural changesafter programme completion. The benefits <strong>of</strong> a tikanga-based (Maori customs and values)approach are thoroughly examined.McMaster, K., & Wells, A. (Eds.). (2003). Innovative approaches to stopping <strong>family</strong> <strong>violence</strong>.Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts.See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/12047.pubTopic Areas: Intimate partner abuse, Child abuse and neglect, Same-sex partner abuse,Women, Pacific peoples, Cultural factors, Prevention/intervention/treatmentAbstract: This book examines various programmes aimed at addressing <strong>family</strong> <strong>violence</strong> inNew Zealand. Authors <strong>of</strong> various chapters cover issues and discuss interventions specific t<strong>of</strong>amily <strong>violence</strong>. In the introductory chapter, Ken McMaster and Daryl Gregory posit that<strong>violence</strong> intervention strategies must include an understanding <strong>of</strong> factors that maintain abuse,119
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OFNEW ZEALAN
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IntroductionThis is an annotated bi
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See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/11879.pubTopi
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abused. The author provides an anal
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Ball, J. (1997). Male sexual abuse:
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Topic Areas: Child abuse and neglec
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Topic Areas: Child abuse and neglec
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(1995). The Guardianship Amendment
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their children’s lives and upbrin
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and Employment, Hon. Steve Maharey.
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Abstract: This conference paper det
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violence incidents and people (offe
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less attention than other forms of
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Topic Areas: Intimate partner abuse
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jurisdiction, this paper discusses
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ehaviours, and explores current app
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of New Zealand’s care and protect
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family decision making that incorpo
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delivered based upon Maori conceptu
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Cribb, J., & Barnett, R. (1999). Be
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intervention/treatment, Intersector
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professionals involved; however, th
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findings of the study present discu
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articulation of reasons for decisio
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and s16(b) of the Guardianship Act
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Abstract: This report provides an e
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familial relationships are also cit
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Topic Areas: Sexual abuse, Adolesce
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Smith did not consider the historic
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Waikato regions and replicates the
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Children as victims, Mental healthA
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contributes to internalising disord
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Fordham, B.-M. (2001). Caught in th
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- Page 80 and 81: See: www.nzfvc.org.nz/13263.pubTopi
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- Page 90 and 91: Topic Areas: Intimate partner abuse
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- Page 94 and 95: child sexual abuse. A review of the
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- Page 104 and 105: attering. The report then discusses
- Page 106 and 107: well and those which need improveme
- Page 108 and 109: Cultural practiceAbstract: This dis
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- Page 138 and 139: ecommendations for future research
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discipline tactics, and public awar
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Strang, H., & Braithwaite, J. (Eds.
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concludes that if social workers an
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egarding CYFS responsiveness to Mao
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Abstract: This article debates the
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elationship, less satisfied with th
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presented significant victim specif
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areas in which some governments pri
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Wood, B., & Kunze, K. (2004). Makin
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Abstract: This article begins with